Textbook Solutions: Economy and Occupations

 Page 1


8. Economy and Occupations
Exercise
1 A. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
India’s per capita income is less than Brazil due to __________________:
A. Low national income
B. Massive population
C. Big family size
D. Low food grain production
Answer
Per capita income is the average income available per person in the given country. It is equal to the ratio of
national income and population. Per capita income = national income/population. As the population grows,
the per capita income available to each individual reduces. India is the country with the second largest
population. As of 2018, the total population of India is 135.8 crores comprising 17.74% of the global
population. On the other hand, the population of Brazil is 20.93 crores which are only 2.76% of the global
population. This makes the per capita income of India lesser than that of Brazil even if India has a higher
national income.
1 B. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on the _____________ activities there.
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Answer
The tertiary sector comprises all the types of services rendered in the economy. It consists of all the
industries which provide a service such as transportation and finance. Brazil is characterised by a rapidly
developing service sector contributing to 71% of its national income. Thus it is the biggest sector in the
economy.
1 C. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economies of India and Brazil are of ____________ type.
A. Underdeveloped
B. Developing
C. Developed
D. Highly developed
Answer
A developing country is a country with a lesser developed economy whose national income is lesser
compared to other countries. The threshold to become a developed nation is to have higher industrialisation
and a higher national income. Developing countries include both lower and upper-middle-income countries.
Even though Brazil is an upper middle-income country and India a lower middle-income country, both are
considered as developing economies.
2 A. Question
Page 2


8. Economy and Occupations
Exercise
1 A. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
India’s per capita income is less than Brazil due to __________________:
A. Low national income
B. Massive population
C. Big family size
D. Low food grain production
Answer
Per capita income is the average income available per person in the given country. It is equal to the ratio of
national income and population. Per capita income = national income/population. As the population grows,
the per capita income available to each individual reduces. India is the country with the second largest
population. As of 2018, the total population of India is 135.8 crores comprising 17.74% of the global
population. On the other hand, the population of Brazil is 20.93 crores which are only 2.76% of the global
population. This makes the per capita income of India lesser than that of Brazil even if India has a higher
national income.
1 B. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on the _____________ activities there.
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Answer
The tertiary sector comprises all the types of services rendered in the economy. It consists of all the
industries which provide a service such as transportation and finance. Brazil is characterised by a rapidly
developing service sector contributing to 71% of its national income. Thus it is the biggest sector in the
economy.
1 C. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economies of India and Brazil are of ____________ type.
A. Underdeveloped
B. Developing
C. Developed
D. Highly developed
Answer
A developing country is a country with a lesser developed economy whose national income is lesser
compared to other countries. The threshold to become a developed nation is to have higher industrialisation
and a higher national income. Developing countries include both lower and upper-middle-income countries.
Even though Brazil is an upper middle-income country and India a lower middle-income country, both are
considered as developing economies.
2 A. Question
Answer the following questions:
Why has mining not developed in the western parts of Brazil?
Answer
Brazil is rich in many natural resources like manganese, bauxite, iron ore and coal that contributes largely to
its national income. Majority of mining activities is carried out in the eastern part of Brazil. It is highly limited
in the western and interior parts because of the dense, impenetrable forests in the Amazon basin. The
resources in these parts are highly inaccessible, and knowledge about them is limited. Thus, inaccessibility
and lack of knowledge due to forest cover and river basins are the main reasons why resources in the
western parts are not highly exploited.
2 B. Question
Answer the following questions:
What are the similarities and differences in fishing activities in Brazil and India?
Answer
Fishing is one of the important economic activities carried out by people both in India and Brazil. The
technique and the geographical features have both similarities and differences.
Similarities:
Differences:
3 A. Question
Give reasons:
Per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.
Answer
Per capita land availability is the total land available per person in the country. It can be calculated as total
land area/total population. The per capita land availability in Brazil is higher than that of India. It is because
of two reasons. The total land area of Brazil is larger than the total land area of India. Brazil is the fifth largest
county in the world while India is the seventh largest country. But the population in India is much higher than
that of Brazil. India is the second most populous country in the world while Brazil is in the fifth most populous
country. The higher land area and the lesser population is the reason why the per capita land availability is
more in Brazil.
Page 3


8. Economy and Occupations
Exercise
1 A. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
India’s per capita income is less than Brazil due to __________________:
A. Low national income
B. Massive population
C. Big family size
D. Low food grain production
Answer
Per capita income is the average income available per person in the given country. It is equal to the ratio of
national income and population. Per capita income = national income/population. As the population grows,
the per capita income available to each individual reduces. India is the country with the second largest
population. As of 2018, the total population of India is 135.8 crores comprising 17.74% of the global
population. On the other hand, the population of Brazil is 20.93 crores which are only 2.76% of the global
population. This makes the per capita income of India lesser than that of Brazil even if India has a higher
national income.
1 B. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on the _____________ activities there.
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Answer
The tertiary sector comprises all the types of services rendered in the economy. It consists of all the
industries which provide a service such as transportation and finance. Brazil is characterised by a rapidly
developing service sector contributing to 71% of its national income. Thus it is the biggest sector in the
economy.
1 C. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economies of India and Brazil are of ____________ type.
A. Underdeveloped
B. Developing
C. Developed
D. Highly developed
Answer
A developing country is a country with a lesser developed economy whose national income is lesser
compared to other countries. The threshold to become a developed nation is to have higher industrialisation
and a higher national income. Developing countries include both lower and upper-middle-income countries.
Even though Brazil is an upper middle-income country and India a lower middle-income country, both are
considered as developing economies.
2 A. Question
Answer the following questions:
Why has mining not developed in the western parts of Brazil?
Answer
Brazil is rich in many natural resources like manganese, bauxite, iron ore and coal that contributes largely to
its national income. Majority of mining activities is carried out in the eastern part of Brazil. It is highly limited
in the western and interior parts because of the dense, impenetrable forests in the Amazon basin. The
resources in these parts are highly inaccessible, and knowledge about them is limited. Thus, inaccessibility
and lack of knowledge due to forest cover and river basins are the main reasons why resources in the
western parts are not highly exploited.
2 B. Question
Answer the following questions:
What are the similarities and differences in fishing activities in Brazil and India?
Answer
Fishing is one of the important economic activities carried out by people both in India and Brazil. The
technique and the geographical features have both similarities and differences.
Similarities:
Differences:
3 A. Question
Give reasons:
Per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.
Answer
Per capita land availability is the total land available per person in the country. It can be calculated as total
land area/total population. The per capita land availability in Brazil is higher than that of India. It is because
of two reasons. The total land area of Brazil is larger than the total land area of India. Brazil is the fifth largest
county in the world while India is the seventh largest country. But the population in India is much higher than
that of Brazil. India is the second most populous country in the world while Brazil is in the fifth most populous
country. The higher land area and the lesser population is the reason why the per capita land availability is
more in Brazil.
3 B. Question
Give reasons:
There is a mixed economy in Brazil and India.
Answer
A mixed economy is characterised by the co-existence of both private sector and public sector. Government
and the private sector work together in the economy. In such systems, the government controls the working
of the economy, but private sectors can function freely under these restrictions. The mixed economic system
is the most popular economic model in current times.
4. Question
Study the following graph and analyse in short:
Answer
The graph depicts the contribution of each sector to the national income and the percentage of the
population engaged in the respective sectors.
The contribution of the primary sector to national income in both India and Brazil is very less. It is nearly 10%
in Brazil and 20% in India. But the percentage of population engaged depicts stark differences. In India,
nearly 60% of the population is engaged in the primary sector while only 10% of Brazil’s population work in
the primary sector. The contribution of the 60% is limited only to nearly 20%. This is an important reason for
the backwardness of the Indian economy.
The contribution of the industrial sector is relatively the same in both the counties. It is nearly 20% in both
the economies. The percentage of population engaged is also similar.
The tertiary sector is the main contributor to growth in both countries. It contributes to nearly 60% to the
national income in India and 70% in Brazil. But the percentage of the population engaged in this sector is
different in both countries. In India, only 30% of the population is engaged in the sector while it is nearly 70%
in Brazil. Thus tertiary sector is the leader of growth in both countries.
Intext Questions
1. Question
Read the following graph and answer the questions:
Gross National Incomes (GNI) from 1960 to 2016 (in million US $)
Page 4


8. Economy and Occupations
Exercise
1 A. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
India’s per capita income is less than Brazil due to __________________:
A. Low national income
B. Massive population
C. Big family size
D. Low food grain production
Answer
Per capita income is the average income available per person in the given country. It is equal to the ratio of
national income and population. Per capita income = national income/population. As the population grows,
the per capita income available to each individual reduces. India is the country with the second largest
population. As of 2018, the total population of India is 135.8 crores comprising 17.74% of the global
population. On the other hand, the population of Brazil is 20.93 crores which are only 2.76% of the global
population. This makes the per capita income of India lesser than that of Brazil even if India has a higher
national income.
1 B. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on the _____________ activities there.
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Answer
The tertiary sector comprises all the types of services rendered in the economy. It consists of all the
industries which provide a service such as transportation and finance. Brazil is characterised by a rapidly
developing service sector contributing to 71% of its national income. Thus it is the biggest sector in the
economy.
1 C. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economies of India and Brazil are of ____________ type.
A. Underdeveloped
B. Developing
C. Developed
D. Highly developed
Answer
A developing country is a country with a lesser developed economy whose national income is lesser
compared to other countries. The threshold to become a developed nation is to have higher industrialisation
and a higher national income. Developing countries include both lower and upper-middle-income countries.
Even though Brazil is an upper middle-income country and India a lower middle-income country, both are
considered as developing economies.
2 A. Question
Answer the following questions:
Why has mining not developed in the western parts of Brazil?
Answer
Brazil is rich in many natural resources like manganese, bauxite, iron ore and coal that contributes largely to
its national income. Majority of mining activities is carried out in the eastern part of Brazil. It is highly limited
in the western and interior parts because of the dense, impenetrable forests in the Amazon basin. The
resources in these parts are highly inaccessible, and knowledge about them is limited. Thus, inaccessibility
and lack of knowledge due to forest cover and river basins are the main reasons why resources in the
western parts are not highly exploited.
2 B. Question
Answer the following questions:
What are the similarities and differences in fishing activities in Brazil and India?
Answer
Fishing is one of the important economic activities carried out by people both in India and Brazil. The
technique and the geographical features have both similarities and differences.
Similarities:
Differences:
3 A. Question
Give reasons:
Per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.
Answer
Per capita land availability is the total land available per person in the country. It can be calculated as total
land area/total population. The per capita land availability in Brazil is higher than that of India. It is because
of two reasons. The total land area of Brazil is larger than the total land area of India. Brazil is the fifth largest
county in the world while India is the seventh largest country. But the population in India is much higher than
that of Brazil. India is the second most populous country in the world while Brazil is in the fifth most populous
country. The higher land area and the lesser population is the reason why the per capita land availability is
more in Brazil.
3 B. Question
Give reasons:
There is a mixed economy in Brazil and India.
Answer
A mixed economy is characterised by the co-existence of both private sector and public sector. Government
and the private sector work together in the economy. In such systems, the government controls the working
of the economy, but private sectors can function freely under these restrictions. The mixed economic system
is the most popular economic model in current times.
4. Question
Study the following graph and analyse in short:
Answer
The graph depicts the contribution of each sector to the national income and the percentage of the
population engaged in the respective sectors.
The contribution of the primary sector to national income in both India and Brazil is very less. It is nearly 10%
in Brazil and 20% in India. But the percentage of population engaged depicts stark differences. In India,
nearly 60% of the population is engaged in the primary sector while only 10% of Brazil’s population work in
the primary sector. The contribution of the 60% is limited only to nearly 20%. This is an important reason for
the backwardness of the Indian economy.
The contribution of the industrial sector is relatively the same in both the counties. It is nearly 20% in both
the economies. The percentage of population engaged is also similar.
The tertiary sector is the main contributor to growth in both countries. It contributes to nearly 60% to the
national income in India and 70% in Brazil. But the percentage of the population engaged in this sector is
different in both countries. In India, only 30% of the population is engaged in the sector while it is nearly 70%
in Brazil. Thus tertiary sector is the leader of growth in both countries.
Intext Questions
1. Question
Read the following graph and answer the questions:
Gross National Incomes (GNI) from 1960 to 2016 (in million US $)
a. Which country’s national income was highest in 2016 and was it how much?
b. Comparing India and Brazil, which country had a higher national income in 1980?
c. Comparing India and Brazil, which country had a higher income in 2016?
d. Tell the difference between the GNP of Brazil and India in 2016.
e. Calculate the difference between the national incomes of developed and developing countries in 2016.
Answer
a. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. In 2016, the national
income of the US was the highest. It was nearly 1900 million US dollars.
b. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. In 1980, Brazil had a
higher national income compared to India. The difference between their incomes is only negligible.
c. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. In 2016, India had a higher
national income compared to Brazil. The national income of India has just crossed 200 million US dollars,
while the national income of Brazil is reaching 200 million US dollars.
d. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. In 2016, India had a higher
national income compared to Brazil. The national income of India has just crossed 200 million US dollars,
while the national income of Brazil is reaching 200 million US dollars.
e. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. The US is a developed
economy while both Brazil and India are developing countries. There is a huge gap between the national
incomes of both developed and developing countries. In 2016, the US had a national income of nearly 1900
million US dollars, but the national income of India has just crossed 200 million US dollars. There exists a
huge gap between the two amounting to about 1700 million US dollars.
2. Question
Classify the following activities in by ticking (ü) in the respective column.
Page 5


8. Economy and Occupations
Exercise
1 A. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
India’s per capita income is less than Brazil due to __________________:
A. Low national income
B. Massive population
C. Big family size
D. Low food grain production
Answer
Per capita income is the average income available per person in the given country. It is equal to the ratio of
national income and population. Per capita income = national income/population. As the population grows,
the per capita income available to each individual reduces. India is the country with the second largest
population. As of 2018, the total population of India is 135.8 crores comprising 17.74% of the global
population. On the other hand, the population of Brazil is 20.93 crores which are only 2.76% of the global
population. This makes the per capita income of India lesser than that of Brazil even if India has a higher
national income.
1 B. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on the _____________ activities there.
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Answer
The tertiary sector comprises all the types of services rendered in the economy. It consists of all the
industries which provide a service such as transportation and finance. Brazil is characterised by a rapidly
developing service sector contributing to 71% of its national income. Thus it is the biggest sector in the
economy.
1 C. Question
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
The economies of India and Brazil are of ____________ type.
A. Underdeveloped
B. Developing
C. Developed
D. Highly developed
Answer
A developing country is a country with a lesser developed economy whose national income is lesser
compared to other countries. The threshold to become a developed nation is to have higher industrialisation
and a higher national income. Developing countries include both lower and upper-middle-income countries.
Even though Brazil is an upper middle-income country and India a lower middle-income country, both are
considered as developing economies.
2 A. Question
Answer the following questions:
Why has mining not developed in the western parts of Brazil?
Answer
Brazil is rich in many natural resources like manganese, bauxite, iron ore and coal that contributes largely to
its national income. Majority of mining activities is carried out in the eastern part of Brazil. It is highly limited
in the western and interior parts because of the dense, impenetrable forests in the Amazon basin. The
resources in these parts are highly inaccessible, and knowledge about them is limited. Thus, inaccessibility
and lack of knowledge due to forest cover and river basins are the main reasons why resources in the
western parts are not highly exploited.
2 B. Question
Answer the following questions:
What are the similarities and differences in fishing activities in Brazil and India?
Answer
Fishing is one of the important economic activities carried out by people both in India and Brazil. The
technique and the geographical features have both similarities and differences.
Similarities:
Differences:
3 A. Question
Give reasons:
Per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.
Answer
Per capita land availability is the total land available per person in the country. It can be calculated as total
land area/total population. The per capita land availability in Brazil is higher than that of India. It is because
of two reasons. The total land area of Brazil is larger than the total land area of India. Brazil is the fifth largest
county in the world while India is the seventh largest country. But the population in India is much higher than
that of Brazil. India is the second most populous country in the world while Brazil is in the fifth most populous
country. The higher land area and the lesser population is the reason why the per capita land availability is
more in Brazil.
3 B. Question
Give reasons:
There is a mixed economy in Brazil and India.
Answer
A mixed economy is characterised by the co-existence of both private sector and public sector. Government
and the private sector work together in the economy. In such systems, the government controls the working
of the economy, but private sectors can function freely under these restrictions. The mixed economic system
is the most popular economic model in current times.
4. Question
Study the following graph and analyse in short:
Answer
The graph depicts the contribution of each sector to the national income and the percentage of the
population engaged in the respective sectors.
The contribution of the primary sector to national income in both India and Brazil is very less. It is nearly 10%
in Brazil and 20% in India. But the percentage of population engaged depicts stark differences. In India,
nearly 60% of the population is engaged in the primary sector while only 10% of Brazil’s population work in
the primary sector. The contribution of the 60% is limited only to nearly 20%. This is an important reason for
the backwardness of the Indian economy.
The contribution of the industrial sector is relatively the same in both the counties. It is nearly 20% in both
the economies. The percentage of population engaged is also similar.
The tertiary sector is the main contributor to growth in both countries. It contributes to nearly 60% to the
national income in India and 70% in Brazil. But the percentage of the population engaged in this sector is
different in both countries. In India, only 30% of the population is engaged in the sector while it is nearly 70%
in Brazil. Thus tertiary sector is the leader of growth in both countries.
Intext Questions
1. Question
Read the following graph and answer the questions:
Gross National Incomes (GNI) from 1960 to 2016 (in million US $)
a. Which country’s national income was highest in 2016 and was it how much?
b. Comparing India and Brazil, which country had a higher national income in 1980?
c. Comparing India and Brazil, which country had a higher income in 2016?
d. Tell the difference between the GNP of Brazil and India in 2016.
e. Calculate the difference between the national incomes of developed and developing countries in 2016.
Answer
a. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. In 2016, the national
income of the US was the highest. It was nearly 1900 million US dollars.
b. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. In 1980, Brazil had a
higher national income compared to India. The difference between their incomes is only negligible.
c. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. In 2016, India had a higher
national income compared to Brazil. The national income of India has just crossed 200 million US dollars,
while the national income of Brazil is reaching 200 million US dollars.
d. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. In 2016, India had a higher
national income compared to Brazil. The national income of India has just crossed 200 million US dollars,
while the national income of Brazil is reaching 200 million US dollars.
e. National income is the money value of all the final goods and services produced within the domestic
territory of the country during a particular period of time, generally within a year. The US is a developed
economy while both Brazil and India are developing countries. There is a huge gap between the national
incomes of both developed and developing countries. In 2016, the US had a national income of nearly 1900
million US dollars, but the national income of India has just crossed 200 million US dollars. There exists a
huge gap between the two amounting to about 1700 million US dollars.
2. Question
Classify the following activities in by ticking (ü) in the respective column.