Textbook Solutions: History of Indian Arts

 Page 1


History Of Indian Arts 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option. 
 
(1) The arts of painting and sculpting are ………. . 
(a) visual arts 
(b) performing arts 
(c) folk arts 
(d) classical arts 
(2) The ………. saw the rise of Mathura school. 
(a) Kushana period 
(b) Gupta period 
(c) Rashtrakuta period 
(d) Maurya period 
Answer : (1) (a) Visual Arts 
The arts of painting and sculpting are Visual arts. 
Explanation: 
Visual arts are those form of art which we can see and enjoy. Paintings are two 
dimensional and can be done on canvas, wall, rock or any other surfaces. Sculptures 
are three dimensional and can be done on rock, metal or clay. 
Option (b) is incorrect because performing arts include music and dancing, etc. which 
are performed by artists. 
Option (c) is incorrect because folk is traditional arts of particular states, for e.g., Lavani 
is a folk dance of Maharashtra, Garba is a folk dance of Gujarat, etc. 
Option (d) is incorrect because classical arts are those arts which are considered 
special. Sangeet Natak Academi recognizes 8 classical dance forms which are 
– Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Sattriya, Manipuri and 
Kuchipudi. 
(2) (a) Kushana period 
The Kushana period saw the rise of Mathura school. 
Explanation: 
Page 2


History Of Indian Arts 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option. 
 
(1) The arts of painting and sculpting are ………. . 
(a) visual arts 
(b) performing arts 
(c) folk arts 
(d) classical arts 
(2) The ………. saw the rise of Mathura school. 
(a) Kushana period 
(b) Gupta period 
(c) Rashtrakuta period 
(d) Maurya period 
Answer : (1) (a) Visual Arts 
The arts of painting and sculpting are Visual arts. 
Explanation: 
Visual arts are those form of art which we can see and enjoy. Paintings are two 
dimensional and can be done on canvas, wall, rock or any other surfaces. Sculptures 
are three dimensional and can be done on rock, metal or clay. 
Option (b) is incorrect because performing arts include music and dancing, etc. which 
are performed by artists. 
Option (c) is incorrect because folk is traditional arts of particular states, for e.g., Lavani 
is a folk dance of Maharashtra, Garba is a folk dance of Gujarat, etc. 
Option (d) is incorrect because classical arts are those arts which are considered 
special. Sangeet Natak Academi recognizes 8 classical dance forms which are 
– Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Sattriya, Manipuri and 
Kuchipudi. 
(2) (a) Kushana period 
The Kushana period saw the rise of Mathura school. 
Explanation: 
The Mathura school of art familiarized the Indian iconography. Sculpting gods and 
goddesses in various mediums were primarily done in this school. The forms of the 
Brahmanical deities, for example, became crystallised at Mathura for the first time. 
Q. 1. B. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option. 
 
Identify the wrong pair in the following, correct it and rewrite. 
(1) Qutub Minar – Mehrauli 
(2) Gol Gumbaz – Bijapur 
(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Delhi 
(4) Taj Mahal – Agra 
Answer : (1) Kutub Minar – Mehrauli 
(2) Gol Gumbaz – Bijapur 
(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Mumbai 
(4) Taj Mahal – Agra 
The incorrect pair was Chattrapati Shivaji Terminus – Delhi. The correct answer is 
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus – Mumbai. 
Explanation: 
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus in Mumbai was constructed during 
the British rule in India. The Indo-Gothic style of architecture was used in its 
construction. 
Q. 2. A. Explain the following concepts. 
 
Art 
Answer : Art is a beautiful creation which helps a person to express creativity, 
imagination, emotion, experience, knowledge, and wisdom. Drawing, painting, dancing, 
singing, sculpting, etc., are some of the examples of art. There are two major types of 
arts. They are: 
1. Visual Arts 
2. Performing Arts. 
Visual Arts: Visual art is also called Drik Kala in Sanskrit. The art of painting and 
sculpting fall under visual arts. 
Page 3


History Of Indian Arts 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option. 
 
(1) The arts of painting and sculpting are ………. . 
(a) visual arts 
(b) performing arts 
(c) folk arts 
(d) classical arts 
(2) The ………. saw the rise of Mathura school. 
(a) Kushana period 
(b) Gupta period 
(c) Rashtrakuta period 
(d) Maurya period 
Answer : (1) (a) Visual Arts 
The arts of painting and sculpting are Visual arts. 
Explanation: 
Visual arts are those form of art which we can see and enjoy. Paintings are two 
dimensional and can be done on canvas, wall, rock or any other surfaces. Sculptures 
are three dimensional and can be done on rock, metal or clay. 
Option (b) is incorrect because performing arts include music and dancing, etc. which 
are performed by artists. 
Option (c) is incorrect because folk is traditional arts of particular states, for e.g., Lavani 
is a folk dance of Maharashtra, Garba is a folk dance of Gujarat, etc. 
Option (d) is incorrect because classical arts are those arts which are considered 
special. Sangeet Natak Academi recognizes 8 classical dance forms which are 
– Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Sattriya, Manipuri and 
Kuchipudi. 
(2) (a) Kushana period 
The Kushana period saw the rise of Mathura school. 
Explanation: 
The Mathura school of art familiarized the Indian iconography. Sculpting gods and 
goddesses in various mediums were primarily done in this school. The forms of the 
Brahmanical deities, for example, became crystallised at Mathura for the first time. 
Q. 1. B. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option. 
 
Identify the wrong pair in the following, correct it and rewrite. 
(1) Qutub Minar – Mehrauli 
(2) Gol Gumbaz – Bijapur 
(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Delhi 
(4) Taj Mahal – Agra 
Answer : (1) Kutub Minar – Mehrauli 
(2) Gol Gumbaz – Bijapur 
(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Mumbai 
(4) Taj Mahal – Agra 
The incorrect pair was Chattrapati Shivaji Terminus – Delhi. The correct answer is 
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus – Mumbai. 
Explanation: 
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus in Mumbai was constructed during 
the British rule in India. The Indo-Gothic style of architecture was used in its 
construction. 
Q. 2. A. Explain the following concepts. 
 
Art 
Answer : Art is a beautiful creation which helps a person to express creativity, 
imagination, emotion, experience, knowledge, and wisdom. Drawing, painting, dancing, 
singing, sculpting, etc., are some of the examples of art. There are two major types of 
arts. They are: 
1. Visual Arts 
2. Performing Arts. 
Visual Arts: Visual art is also called Drik Kala in Sanskrit. The art of painting and 
sculpting fall under visual arts. 
(a) Painting can be done on any surface such as rock, wall, canvas, papers and even 
on earthen pots. The paintings at Ajanta in Maharashtra is the best example for 
painting. 
(b) There are various styles in painting such as Folk style, Classical style, Miniature 
paintings in manuscripts and western style of painting. 
(c) Sculpting is the art of carving idols, images and other things in different mediums 
such as rocks, clay or metal. 
(d) Like painting, there are various styles in sculpting such as folk style and classical 
style. 
(e) Iconography is the art of sculpting which involves making of the images of gods and 
goddesses. 
Performing Arts: Performing art is called Lalit or Aangik kala in Sanskrit. Folk Art and 
Classical Art fall under this category. 
(a) Folk Art is performed by the collective participation of the people of a locality and is 
existent from prehistoric times. 
(b) It is in various forms such as folk songs, instrumental music, folk dance, and folk 
theatre. The style is region based. Koli dance, Tarapara dance, keertan, etc. are some 
of the examples of folk art. 
(c) Classical Art is the one who is learned and practiced with a set of consistent rules. 
(d) There are generally two major forms of classical Art- Classical dance and Classical 
music. 
(e) In India, each state has its own form of classical dance like Bharatnatyam of Tamil 
Nadu, Lavani of Maharashtra, Odissi of Odisha, Kathak and Mohiniaatam of Kerala. The 
book Natyashastra written by Bharatmuni is believed to be the earliest one to form the 
basis of these form of dances. 
(f) Indian classical music exists in two forms, the Hindustani and the Carnatic. 
Q. 2. B. Explain the following concepts. 
 
Hemadpanti style 
Answer : (a) Hemadpanti style of architecture is very famous in Maharashtra. 
 
 
Page 4


History Of Indian Arts 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option. 
 
(1) The arts of painting and sculpting are ………. . 
(a) visual arts 
(b) performing arts 
(c) folk arts 
(d) classical arts 
(2) The ………. saw the rise of Mathura school. 
(a) Kushana period 
(b) Gupta period 
(c) Rashtrakuta period 
(d) Maurya period 
Answer : (1) (a) Visual Arts 
The arts of painting and sculpting are Visual arts. 
Explanation: 
Visual arts are those form of art which we can see and enjoy. Paintings are two 
dimensional and can be done on canvas, wall, rock or any other surfaces. Sculptures 
are three dimensional and can be done on rock, metal or clay. 
Option (b) is incorrect because performing arts include music and dancing, etc. which 
are performed by artists. 
Option (c) is incorrect because folk is traditional arts of particular states, for e.g., Lavani 
is a folk dance of Maharashtra, Garba is a folk dance of Gujarat, etc. 
Option (d) is incorrect because classical arts are those arts which are considered 
special. Sangeet Natak Academi recognizes 8 classical dance forms which are 
– Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Sattriya, Manipuri and 
Kuchipudi. 
(2) (a) Kushana period 
The Kushana period saw the rise of Mathura school. 
Explanation: 
The Mathura school of art familiarized the Indian iconography. Sculpting gods and 
goddesses in various mediums were primarily done in this school. The forms of the 
Brahmanical deities, for example, became crystallised at Mathura for the first time. 
Q. 1. B. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option. 
 
Identify the wrong pair in the following, correct it and rewrite. 
(1) Qutub Minar – Mehrauli 
(2) Gol Gumbaz – Bijapur 
(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Delhi 
(4) Taj Mahal – Agra 
Answer : (1) Kutub Minar – Mehrauli 
(2) Gol Gumbaz – Bijapur 
(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Mumbai 
(4) Taj Mahal – Agra 
The incorrect pair was Chattrapati Shivaji Terminus – Delhi. The correct answer is 
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus – Mumbai. 
Explanation: 
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus in Mumbai was constructed during 
the British rule in India. The Indo-Gothic style of architecture was used in its 
construction. 
Q. 2. A. Explain the following concepts. 
 
Art 
Answer : Art is a beautiful creation which helps a person to express creativity, 
imagination, emotion, experience, knowledge, and wisdom. Drawing, painting, dancing, 
singing, sculpting, etc., are some of the examples of art. There are two major types of 
arts. They are: 
1. Visual Arts 
2. Performing Arts. 
Visual Arts: Visual art is also called Drik Kala in Sanskrit. The art of painting and 
sculpting fall under visual arts. 
(a) Painting can be done on any surface such as rock, wall, canvas, papers and even 
on earthen pots. The paintings at Ajanta in Maharashtra is the best example for 
painting. 
(b) There are various styles in painting such as Folk style, Classical style, Miniature 
paintings in manuscripts and western style of painting. 
(c) Sculpting is the art of carving idols, images and other things in different mediums 
such as rocks, clay or metal. 
(d) Like painting, there are various styles in sculpting such as folk style and classical 
style. 
(e) Iconography is the art of sculpting which involves making of the images of gods and 
goddesses. 
Performing Arts: Performing art is called Lalit or Aangik kala in Sanskrit. Folk Art and 
Classical Art fall under this category. 
(a) Folk Art is performed by the collective participation of the people of a locality and is 
existent from prehistoric times. 
(b) It is in various forms such as folk songs, instrumental music, folk dance, and folk 
theatre. The style is region based. Koli dance, Tarapara dance, keertan, etc. are some 
of the examples of folk art. 
(c) Classical Art is the one who is learned and practiced with a set of consistent rules. 
(d) There are generally two major forms of classical Art- Classical dance and Classical 
music. 
(e) In India, each state has its own form of classical dance like Bharatnatyam of Tamil 
Nadu, Lavani of Maharashtra, Odissi of Odisha, Kathak and Mohiniaatam of Kerala. The 
book Natyashastra written by Bharatmuni is believed to be the earliest one to form the 
basis of these form of dances. 
(f) Indian classical music exists in two forms, the Hindustani and the Carnatic. 
Q. 2. B. Explain the following concepts. 
 
Hemadpanti style 
Answer : (a) Hemadpanti style of architecture is very famous in Maharashtra. 
 
 
(b) This style involves incorporating blackstone and lime without using any mortar using 
the technique of tenon and mortise joints. 
(c) This style belongs to the 12-13
th
 century and is named after its founder Hemadpant. 
(d) Many temples in Maharashtra are built in this style and hence called as Hemadpanti 
temples. 
(e) The walls of this temples are built in a star shape and in a zigzag design. 
(f) Some of the examples of this style of temples are Aundha Naganath temple in 
Hingoli district, Gondeshwar temple at Sinnar in Nasik, Ambreshwar temple at 
Ambarnath near Mumbai. 
Q. 2. C. Explain the following concepts. 
 
Maratha style of painting 
Answer : 1.The Maratha style of painting developed during the latter half of the 17
th
-
century C.E. 
2. These paintings are found in murals and miniatures. These are coloured paintings. 
3. It is a combination of the Rajasthan and European style of paintings. 
4. This painting style is also used in manuscripts. 
5. Some of the places where these paintings are found are the old wadas of Wai, 
Menavali, and Satara in Maharashtra. 
Q. 3. A. Explain the following sentences with its reason. 
 
An expert with a deep understanding of art history is required in the art market. 
Answer : An expert with a deep understanding of art history is required in the art 
market because: 
1. Art history is a separate branch of knowledge with many fields. 
2. One can choose art itself as his profession as there are many opportunities available. 
3. Be it visual or performing art, classical or folk art requires expertise and detailed 
knowledge to understand its aspects 
4. Expertise is required to find out the value of an art object or to make it economically 
viable. 
Page 5


History Of Indian Arts 
Exercise 
Q. 1. A. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option. 
 
(1) The arts of painting and sculpting are ………. . 
(a) visual arts 
(b) performing arts 
(c) folk arts 
(d) classical arts 
(2) The ………. saw the rise of Mathura school. 
(a) Kushana period 
(b) Gupta period 
(c) Rashtrakuta period 
(d) Maurya period 
Answer : (1) (a) Visual Arts 
The arts of painting and sculpting are Visual arts. 
Explanation: 
Visual arts are those form of art which we can see and enjoy. Paintings are two 
dimensional and can be done on canvas, wall, rock or any other surfaces. Sculptures 
are three dimensional and can be done on rock, metal or clay. 
Option (b) is incorrect because performing arts include music and dancing, etc. which 
are performed by artists. 
Option (c) is incorrect because folk is traditional arts of particular states, for e.g., Lavani 
is a folk dance of Maharashtra, Garba is a folk dance of Gujarat, etc. 
Option (d) is incorrect because classical arts are those arts which are considered 
special. Sangeet Natak Academi recognizes 8 classical dance forms which are 
– Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali, Mohiniattam, Odissi, Sattriya, Manipuri and 
Kuchipudi. 
(2) (a) Kushana period 
The Kushana period saw the rise of Mathura school. 
Explanation: 
The Mathura school of art familiarized the Indian iconography. Sculpting gods and 
goddesses in various mediums were primarily done in this school. The forms of the 
Brahmanical deities, for example, became crystallised at Mathura for the first time. 
Q. 1. B. Complete the sentences by choosing the correct option. 
 
Identify the wrong pair in the following, correct it and rewrite. 
(1) Qutub Minar – Mehrauli 
(2) Gol Gumbaz – Bijapur 
(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Delhi 
(4) Taj Mahal – Agra 
Answer : (1) Kutub Minar – Mehrauli 
(2) Gol Gumbaz – Bijapur 
(3) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus – Mumbai 
(4) Taj Mahal – Agra 
The incorrect pair was Chattrapati Shivaji Terminus – Delhi. The correct answer is 
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus – Mumbai. 
Explanation: 
The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus in Mumbai was constructed during 
the British rule in India. The Indo-Gothic style of architecture was used in its 
construction. 
Q. 2. A. Explain the following concepts. 
 
Art 
Answer : Art is a beautiful creation which helps a person to express creativity, 
imagination, emotion, experience, knowledge, and wisdom. Drawing, painting, dancing, 
singing, sculpting, etc., are some of the examples of art. There are two major types of 
arts. They are: 
1. Visual Arts 
2. Performing Arts. 
Visual Arts: Visual art is also called Drik Kala in Sanskrit. The art of painting and 
sculpting fall under visual arts. 
(a) Painting can be done on any surface such as rock, wall, canvas, papers and even 
on earthen pots. The paintings at Ajanta in Maharashtra is the best example for 
painting. 
(b) There are various styles in painting such as Folk style, Classical style, Miniature 
paintings in manuscripts and western style of painting. 
(c) Sculpting is the art of carving idols, images and other things in different mediums 
such as rocks, clay or metal. 
(d) Like painting, there are various styles in sculpting such as folk style and classical 
style. 
(e) Iconography is the art of sculpting which involves making of the images of gods and 
goddesses. 
Performing Arts: Performing art is called Lalit or Aangik kala in Sanskrit. Folk Art and 
Classical Art fall under this category. 
(a) Folk Art is performed by the collective participation of the people of a locality and is 
existent from prehistoric times. 
(b) It is in various forms such as folk songs, instrumental music, folk dance, and folk 
theatre. The style is region based. Koli dance, Tarapara dance, keertan, etc. are some 
of the examples of folk art. 
(c) Classical Art is the one who is learned and practiced with a set of consistent rules. 
(d) There are generally two major forms of classical Art- Classical dance and Classical 
music. 
(e) In India, each state has its own form of classical dance like Bharatnatyam of Tamil 
Nadu, Lavani of Maharashtra, Odissi of Odisha, Kathak and Mohiniaatam of Kerala. The 
book Natyashastra written by Bharatmuni is believed to be the earliest one to form the 
basis of these form of dances. 
(f) Indian classical music exists in two forms, the Hindustani and the Carnatic. 
Q. 2. B. Explain the following concepts. 
 
Hemadpanti style 
Answer : (a) Hemadpanti style of architecture is very famous in Maharashtra. 
 
 
(b) This style involves incorporating blackstone and lime without using any mortar using 
the technique of tenon and mortise joints. 
(c) This style belongs to the 12-13
th
 century and is named after its founder Hemadpant. 
(d) Many temples in Maharashtra are built in this style and hence called as Hemadpanti 
temples. 
(e) The walls of this temples are built in a star shape and in a zigzag design. 
(f) Some of the examples of this style of temples are Aundha Naganath temple in 
Hingoli district, Gondeshwar temple at Sinnar in Nasik, Ambreshwar temple at 
Ambarnath near Mumbai. 
Q. 2. C. Explain the following concepts. 
 
Maratha style of painting 
Answer : 1.The Maratha style of painting developed during the latter half of the 17
th
-
century C.E. 
2. These paintings are found in murals and miniatures. These are coloured paintings. 
3. It is a combination of the Rajasthan and European style of paintings. 
4. This painting style is also used in manuscripts. 
5. Some of the places where these paintings are found are the old wadas of Wai, 
Menavali, and Satara in Maharashtra. 
Q. 3. A. Explain the following sentences with its reason. 
 
An expert with a deep understanding of art history is required in the art market. 
Answer : An expert with a deep understanding of art history is required in the art 
market because: 
1. Art history is a separate branch of knowledge with many fields. 
2. One can choose art itself as his profession as there are many opportunities available. 
3. Be it visual or performing art, classical or folk art requires expertise and detailed 
knowledge to understand its aspects 
4. Expertise is required to find out the value of an art object or to make it economically 
viable. 
6. To pursue a career in the architectural industry, either industrial or interior design, 
photography or animated graphics, textile and clothing involve a detailed planning and 
proper management of the art product. 
Q. 3. B. Explain the following sentences with its reason. 
 
It is necessary to preserve the tradition like Chitrakathi, which is on the verge of 
extinction. 
Answer : The practice of narrating stories from the epics like The Ramayana and The 
Mahabharatha with the help of wooden puppets and paintings called the Chitrakathi 
tradition. 
The tradition of Chitrakathi belongs to the 12
th
 century C.E. This is also called Pinguli 
tradition. In this, pictures are drawn on paper and painted with colours made from 
natural substances. The stories are narrated in a time span of half an hour to fifty 
minutes in general. The people who belong to the Thakar tribal community live in a 
village called Pinguli which is located in the Konkan region. These people still practice 
this Chitrakathi tradition. It is a source of employment for them. Apart from that, it is 
much necessary to preserve this tradition which is antique so as to preserve our 
regional or local culture. 
Q. 4. A. Answer the following questions in 25-30 words. 
 
Write about the folk traditions of sculptural art. 
Answer : 1. The art of carving on clay, rock or metal to form three dimensional figures 
is called sculpting and the figures so formed are called as sculptures. 
2. Rock sculptures are made by carving, clay sculptures are made by hands or moulds, 
and metal sculptures are made by using moulds. 
3. Like any other art form, sculptural art can also be classified as Classical and folk 
sculptural art. 
4. The folk sculptural art began with the carving tools out of stones. 
5. It is believed that this form of art is prevalent since the Harappan times. 
6. Some of the examples of this art are the Ganesha idols, masks of goddesses, idols 
made for festivals, memorial stones, decorated utensils, etc. 
7. The folk sculptures are region specific. 
8. One can witness the products of this art in Bengal, Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan, etc.