Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur Solutions: Matter in our surroundings

 Page 1


1.	Matt er	in	Our	Surr oundings
V e r y 	 S h o r t 	 A n s w e r 	 T y p e 	 Q u e s t i o n s - P g - 1 7
1 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What are the conditions for ‘something’ to be called ‘matter’?
A n s w e r
The main criteria for "something" to be called matter are as follow:-
1. It should have mass2. It should occupy space.3. It should have inter-
molecular force of attraction
2 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name two processes which provide the best evidence for the motion of 
particles in matter.
A n s w e r
Diffusion which is deined as the movement of particles in accordance 
with a concentration gradient and Brownian motion which is described 
as the zig-zag motion of particles of matter are the two processes 
which provide the best evidence for the motion of particles in a matter.
3 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Which single term is used to describe the mixing of copper sulphate 
and water kept in a beaker, on its own?
A n s w e r
The mixing of copper sulphate and water kept in a beaker on its own is 
called Diffusion.
4 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
When sugar is dissolved in water, there is no increase in the volume. 
Which characteristic of matter is illustrated by this observation?
Page 2


1.	Matt er	in	Our	Surr oundings
V e r y 	 S h o r t 	 A n s w e r 	 T y p e 	 Q u e s t i o n s - P g - 1 7
1 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What are the conditions for ‘something’ to be called ‘matter’?
A n s w e r
The main criteria for "something" to be called matter are as follow:-
1. It should have mass2. It should occupy space.3. It should have inter-
molecular force of attraction
2 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name two processes which provide the best evidence for the motion of 
particles in matter.
A n s w e r
Diffusion which is deined as the movement of particles in accordance 
with a concentration gradient and Brownian motion which is described 
as the zig-zag motion of particles of matter are the two processes 
which provide the best evidence for the motion of particles in a matter.
3 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Which single term is used to describe the mixing of copper sulphate 
and water kept in a beaker, on its own?
A n s w e r
The mixing of copper sulphate and water kept in a beaker on its own is 
called Diffusion.
4 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
When sugar is dissolved in water, there is no increase in the volume. 
Which characteristic of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
When sugar is dissolved in water, the Sugar molecules are dissociated 
and it in the space of H2O molecule arrangements. Hence no increase 
in the volume.
5 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Even two or three crystals of potassium permanganate can impart 
colour to a very large volume of water. Which characteristic of 
particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
There must be millions of tiny particles in just one crystal of potassium 
permanganate, which keep on dividing themselves into smaller and 
smaller particles. Ultimately a stage is reached, when the particles 
cannot divide further into smaller particles.
6 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
When an incense stick(agarbatti) is lighted in one corner of a room, its 
fragrance spreads in the whole room quickly. Which characteristic of 
the particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
When an incense stick is burnt, the incense present in it vaporizes 
because of heat. The vapours move rapidly in all directions due to the 
diffusion. The vapour mixes with air and reaches to us. In similar way 
we sense the good or bad smell from a distance.
7 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
A piece of chalk can be broken into small particles by hammering but a 
piece of iron cannot be broken into small particles by hammering. 
Which characteristic of the particles of matter is illustrated by these 
observations?
A n s w e r
A chalk piece can be broken easily but not an iron piece because as 
compared to chalk, iron has greater intermolecular force of attraction 
which keeps the particles together. The strength of this force of 
attraction varies from one kind of matter to another.
8 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What is the scientiic name of particles which make up matter?
Page 3


1.	Matt er	in	Our	Surr oundings
V e r y 	 S h o r t 	 A n s w e r 	 T y p e 	 Q u e s t i o n s - P g - 1 7
1 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What are the conditions for ‘something’ to be called ‘matter’?
A n s w e r
The main criteria for "something" to be called matter are as follow:-
1. It should have mass2. It should occupy space.3. It should have inter-
molecular force of attraction
2 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name two processes which provide the best evidence for the motion of 
particles in matter.
A n s w e r
Diffusion which is deined as the movement of particles in accordance 
with a concentration gradient and Brownian motion which is described 
as the zig-zag motion of particles of matter are the two processes 
which provide the best evidence for the motion of particles in a matter.
3 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Which single term is used to describe the mixing of copper sulphate 
and water kept in a beaker, on its own?
A n s w e r
The mixing of copper sulphate and water kept in a beaker on its own is 
called Diffusion.
4 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
When sugar is dissolved in water, there is no increase in the volume. 
Which characteristic of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
When sugar is dissolved in water, the Sugar molecules are dissociated 
and it in the space of H2O molecule arrangements. Hence no increase 
in the volume.
5 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Even two or three crystals of potassium permanganate can impart 
colour to a very large volume of water. Which characteristic of 
particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
There must be millions of tiny particles in just one crystal of potassium 
permanganate, which keep on dividing themselves into smaller and 
smaller particles. Ultimately a stage is reached, when the particles 
cannot divide further into smaller particles.
6 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
When an incense stick(agarbatti) is lighted in one corner of a room, its 
fragrance spreads in the whole room quickly. Which characteristic of 
the particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
When an incense stick is burnt, the incense present in it vaporizes 
because of heat. The vapours move rapidly in all directions due to the 
diffusion. The vapour mixes with air and reaches to us. In similar way 
we sense the good or bad smell from a distance.
7 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
A piece of chalk can be broken into small particles by hammering but a 
piece of iron cannot be broken into small particles by hammering. 
Which characteristic of the particles of matter is illustrated by these 
observations?
A n s w e r
A chalk piece can be broken easily but not an iron piece because as 
compared to chalk, iron has greater intermolecular force of attraction 
which keeps the particles together. The strength of this force of 
attraction varies from one kind of matter to another.
8 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What is the scientiic name of particles which make up matter?
A n s w e r
Atoms and molecules are the particles which make up matter.
9 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name the process by which a drop of ink spreads in a beaker of water.
A n s w e r
The process by which a drop of ink spreads in a beaker of water is 
called Diffusion. The molecules in the drop of ink will diffuse through 
the entire beaker of water. This will result in a homogeneous solution.
1 0 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What is the general name of:
(a) rigid form of matter?
(b) luid forms of matter?
A n s w e r
(a) Rigid form of matter- Solids
(b) luid forms of matter- Liquids.
1 1 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Out of solids, liquids and gases, which one has:
(a) Maximum movement of particles?
(b) Maximum interparticle attractions?
(c) Minimum spaces between particles?
A n s w e r
(a) Maximum movement of particles - Gaseous particles are in a 
continuous random movement.
(b) Maximum interparticle attractions- Solid particles attract each 
other very strongly.
(c) Minimum spaces between particles- Solid particles have least space 
between the particles.
1 2 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
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1.	Matt er	in	Our	Surr oundings
V e r y 	 S h o r t 	 A n s w e r 	 T y p e 	 Q u e s t i o n s - P g - 1 7
1 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What are the conditions for ‘something’ to be called ‘matter’?
A n s w e r
The main criteria for "something" to be called matter are as follow:-
1. It should have mass2. It should occupy space.3. It should have inter-
molecular force of attraction
2 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name two processes which provide the best evidence for the motion of 
particles in matter.
A n s w e r
Diffusion which is deined as the movement of particles in accordance 
with a concentration gradient and Brownian motion which is described 
as the zig-zag motion of particles of matter are the two processes 
which provide the best evidence for the motion of particles in a matter.
3 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Which single term is used to describe the mixing of copper sulphate 
and water kept in a beaker, on its own?
A n s w e r
The mixing of copper sulphate and water kept in a beaker on its own is 
called Diffusion.
4 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
When sugar is dissolved in water, there is no increase in the volume. 
Which characteristic of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
When sugar is dissolved in water, the Sugar molecules are dissociated 
and it in the space of H2O molecule arrangements. Hence no increase 
in the volume.
5 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Even two or three crystals of potassium permanganate can impart 
colour to a very large volume of water. Which characteristic of 
particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
There must be millions of tiny particles in just one crystal of potassium 
permanganate, which keep on dividing themselves into smaller and 
smaller particles. Ultimately a stage is reached, when the particles 
cannot divide further into smaller particles.
6 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
When an incense stick(agarbatti) is lighted in one corner of a room, its 
fragrance spreads in the whole room quickly. Which characteristic of 
the particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
When an incense stick is burnt, the incense present in it vaporizes 
because of heat. The vapours move rapidly in all directions due to the 
diffusion. The vapour mixes with air and reaches to us. In similar way 
we sense the good or bad smell from a distance.
7 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
A piece of chalk can be broken into small particles by hammering but a 
piece of iron cannot be broken into small particles by hammering. 
Which characteristic of the particles of matter is illustrated by these 
observations?
A n s w e r
A chalk piece can be broken easily but not an iron piece because as 
compared to chalk, iron has greater intermolecular force of attraction 
which keeps the particles together. The strength of this force of 
attraction varies from one kind of matter to another.
8 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What is the scientiic name of particles which make up matter?
A n s w e r
Atoms and molecules are the particles which make up matter.
9 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name the process by which a drop of ink spreads in a beaker of water.
A n s w e r
The process by which a drop of ink spreads in a beaker of water is 
called Diffusion. The molecules in the drop of ink will diffuse through 
the entire beaker of water. This will result in a homogeneous solution.
1 0 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What is the general name of:
(a) rigid form of matter?
(b) luid forms of matter?
A n s w e r
(a) Rigid form of matter- Solids
(b) luid forms of matter- Liquids.
1 1 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Out of solids, liquids and gases, which one has:
(a) Maximum movement of particles?
(b) Maximum interparticle attractions?
(c) Minimum spaces between particles?
A n s w e r
(a) Maximum movement of particles - Gaseous particles are in a 
continuous random movement.
(b) Maximum interparticle attractions- Solid particles attract each 
other very strongly.
(c) Minimum spaces between particles- Solid particles have least space 
between the particles.
1 2 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
‘A substance has a deinite volume but no deinite shape’. State whether 
this substance is a solid, a liquid or a gas.
A n s w e r
liquids have no deinite shape but have a deinite volume. They take up 
the shape of the container in which they are kept. Liquids low and 
change shape, so they are not rigid and can be called luid.
1 3 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name the physical state of matter which can be easily compressed.
A n s w e r
Gases are highly compressible as compared to solids and liquids as they 
have very weak intermolecular forces of attraction as a result of which 
they can be compressed easily under pressure.
1 4 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
‘A substance has a deinite shape as well as a deinite volume’. Which 
physical state is represented by this statement?
A n s w e r
Solids have a deinite shape, distinct boundaries and ixed volumes, that 
is, have negligible compressibility. Solids have a tendency to maintain 
their shape when subjected to outside force.
1 5 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
A substance has neither a ixed shape nor a ixed volume. State whether 
it is a solid ,a liquid or a gas.
A n s w e r
Gases have neither a ixed shape nor a ixed volume, hence gases are 
highly compressible as compared to solids and liquids.
1 6 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name two gases which are supplied in compressed form in homes and 
hospitals.
A n s w e r
The liqueied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder gets supplied in our home 
for cooking and the oxygen gas gets supplied to hospitals in cylinders 
Page 5


1.	Matt er	in	Our	Surr oundings
V e r y 	 S h o r t 	 A n s w e r 	 T y p e 	 Q u e s t i o n s - P g - 1 7
1 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What are the conditions for ‘something’ to be called ‘matter’?
A n s w e r
The main criteria for "something" to be called matter are as follow:-
1. It should have mass2. It should occupy space.3. It should have inter-
molecular force of attraction
2 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name two processes which provide the best evidence for the motion of 
particles in matter.
A n s w e r
Diffusion which is deined as the movement of particles in accordance 
with a concentration gradient and Brownian motion which is described 
as the zig-zag motion of particles of matter are the two processes 
which provide the best evidence for the motion of particles in a matter.
3 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Which single term is used to describe the mixing of copper sulphate 
and water kept in a beaker, on its own?
A n s w e r
The mixing of copper sulphate and water kept in a beaker on its own is 
called Diffusion.
4 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
When sugar is dissolved in water, there is no increase in the volume. 
Which characteristic of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
When sugar is dissolved in water, the Sugar molecules are dissociated 
and it in the space of H2O molecule arrangements. Hence no increase 
in the volume.
5 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Even two or three crystals of potassium permanganate can impart 
colour to a very large volume of water. Which characteristic of 
particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
There must be millions of tiny particles in just one crystal of potassium 
permanganate, which keep on dividing themselves into smaller and 
smaller particles. Ultimately a stage is reached, when the particles 
cannot divide further into smaller particles.
6 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
When an incense stick(agarbatti) is lighted in one corner of a room, its 
fragrance spreads in the whole room quickly. Which characteristic of 
the particles of matter is illustrated by this observation?
A n s w e r
When an incense stick is burnt, the incense present in it vaporizes 
because of heat. The vapours move rapidly in all directions due to the 
diffusion. The vapour mixes with air and reaches to us. In similar way 
we sense the good or bad smell from a distance.
7 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
A piece of chalk can be broken into small particles by hammering but a 
piece of iron cannot be broken into small particles by hammering. 
Which characteristic of the particles of matter is illustrated by these 
observations?
A n s w e r
A chalk piece can be broken easily but not an iron piece because as 
compared to chalk, iron has greater intermolecular force of attraction 
which keeps the particles together. The strength of this force of 
attraction varies from one kind of matter to another.
8 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What is the scientiic name of particles which make up matter?
A n s w e r
Atoms and molecules are the particles which make up matter.
9 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name the process by which a drop of ink spreads in a beaker of water.
A n s w e r
The process by which a drop of ink spreads in a beaker of water is 
called Diffusion. The molecules in the drop of ink will diffuse through 
the entire beaker of water. This will result in a homogeneous solution.
1 0 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
What is the general name of:
(a) rigid form of matter?
(b) luid forms of matter?
A n s w e r
(a) Rigid form of matter- Solids
(b) luid forms of matter- Liquids.
1 1 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Out of solids, liquids and gases, which one has:
(a) Maximum movement of particles?
(b) Maximum interparticle attractions?
(c) Minimum spaces between particles?
A n s w e r
(a) Maximum movement of particles - Gaseous particles are in a 
continuous random movement.
(b) Maximum interparticle attractions- Solid particles attract each 
other very strongly.
(c) Minimum spaces between particles- Solid particles have least space 
between the particles.
1 2 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
‘A substance has a deinite volume but no deinite shape’. State whether 
this substance is a solid, a liquid or a gas.
A n s w e r
liquids have no deinite shape but have a deinite volume. They take up 
the shape of the container in which they are kept. Liquids low and 
change shape, so they are not rigid and can be called luid.
1 3 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name the physical state of matter which can be easily compressed.
A n s w e r
Gases are highly compressible as compared to solids and liquids as they 
have very weak intermolecular forces of attraction as a result of which 
they can be compressed easily under pressure.
1 4 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
‘A substance has a deinite shape as well as a deinite volume’. Which 
physical state is represented by this statement?
A n s w e r
Solids have a deinite shape, distinct boundaries and ixed volumes, that 
is, have negligible compressibility. Solids have a tendency to maintain 
their shape when subjected to outside force.
1 5 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
A substance has neither a ixed shape nor a ixed volume. State whether 
it is a solid ,a liquid or a gas.
A n s w e r
Gases have neither a ixed shape nor a ixed volume, hence gases are 
highly compressible as compared to solids and liquids.
1 6 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Name two gases which are supplied in compressed form in homes and 
hospitals.
A n s w e r
The liqueied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder gets supplied in our home 
for cooking and the oxygen gas gets supplied to hospitals in cylinders 
are the two types of compressed gases.
1 7 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Write the full forms of the following:
(a) LPG (b) CNG
A n s w e r
(a) LPG - Liqueied Petroleum Gas.
(b) CNG - Compressed natural gas.
1 8 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Which of the two diffuses faster: a liquid or a gas?
A n s w e r
In the gaseous state, the particles move about randomly at high speed. 
Diffusion takes place because of the movements of particles of matters. 
The increase in the speed of movement increases the rate of diffusion. 
Hence, a gas will diffuse faster than a liquid.
1 9 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
Which of the two diffuses slower: bromine vapour into air or copper 
sulphate into water?
A n s w e r
Diffusion of Copper sulfate into water will takes place at the slower rate 
Gas in gas diffusion is faster because of the large spaces present 
between the particles of the gases as compared to solids and liquids. 
Hence bromine vapour into air will diffuse quicker.
2 0 . 	 Q u e s t i o n
State whether the following statement is true or false:
Red brown bromine vapour diffuse into air in a gas jar but the 
colourless air molecules do not diffuse into bromine vapour.
A n s w e r
The statement is false.
2 1 . 	 Q u e s t i o n