Lakhmir Singh & Manjit Kaur Solutions: Tissues

 Page 1


 
1. What is the importance of tissues?
Answer
• Tissue provides structural strength, mechanical strength, and shows division of labor.
• A collective number of tissues form organs in the multicellular organism.
2. Why do plants and animals possess different types of tissues?
Answer
Plants are autotrophic and stationary, whereas animals have to move from one place to another in 
search of food, mate, and shelter. Plant tissues are suited for the stationary habit of plants, whereas 
tissue organisation in animals is targeted at providing higher mobility. Plants and animals are 
different kinds of organisms hence, they require different types of tissues to carry out their bodily 
functions. 
3. Tabulate differences between plants and animal tissues.
Answer
Plant Tissues Animal Tissues 
Dead supportive tissues are more abundant than living tissues in 
plants. 
Living tissues are more than dead 
tissues. 
Less energy maintenance is required. More energy maintenance is required. 
4. Write a short note on intercalary meristem.
Answer
Intercalary meristems is located in the leaves and internodes at the intercalary position. These help 
to increase the length of the internode. It is found in grass, monocots, and pines. It is a part of apical 
meristem and adds to the height of the plant. 
5. Write one main function of
(a) Apical meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
Answer
(a) They are responsible for root and stem elongation, resulting in an increase in the height of the
plant (primary growth).
(b): They cause an increase in the diameter and girth of stems or roots (secondary growth). 
6. What are simple tissues? Explain their three different types.
Answer
Page 2


 
1. What is the importance of tissues?
Answer
• Tissue provides structural strength, mechanical strength, and shows division of labor.
• A collective number of tissues form organs in the multicellular organism.
2. Why do plants and animals possess different types of tissues?
Answer
Plants are autotrophic and stationary, whereas animals have to move from one place to another in 
search of food, mate, and shelter. Plant tissues are suited for the stationary habit of plants, whereas 
tissue organisation in animals is targeted at providing higher mobility. Plants and animals are 
different kinds of organisms hence, they require different types of tissues to carry out their bodily 
functions. 
3. Tabulate differences between plants and animal tissues.
Answer
Plant Tissues Animal Tissues 
Dead supportive tissues are more abundant than living tissues in 
plants. 
Living tissues are more than dead 
tissues. 
Less energy maintenance is required. More energy maintenance is required. 
4. Write a short note on intercalary meristem.
Answer
Intercalary meristems is located in the leaves and internodes at the intercalary position. These help 
to increase the length of the internode. It is found in grass, monocots, and pines. It is a part of apical 
meristem and adds to the height of the plant. 
5. Write one main function of
(a) Apical meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
Answer
(a) They are responsible for root and stem elongation, resulting in an increase in the height of the
plant (primary growth).
(b): They cause an increase in the diameter and girth of stems or roots (secondary growth). 
6. What are simple tissues? Explain their three different types.
Answer
Simple tissues consist of cells that are structurally and functionally similar. They are made up of only 
one type of cells. Simple tissues are of three types namely parenchyma, collenchyma and 
sclerenchyma. 
Parenchyma – they are living cells and walled, soft in nature due to the presence of thin-walled cells 
Collenchyma – These are characterized by uneven thick-walled living cells. 
Sclerenchyma – They have cells with thickened lignified walls, providing them strength and making 
them waterproof. 
7. Draw a well labelled diagram of parenchyma and collenchyma. 
Answer 
 
 
8. Draw a well labelled diagram of phloem. 
Page 3


 
1. What is the importance of tissues?
Answer
• Tissue provides structural strength, mechanical strength, and shows division of labor.
• A collective number of tissues form organs in the multicellular organism.
2. Why do plants and animals possess different types of tissues?
Answer
Plants are autotrophic and stationary, whereas animals have to move from one place to another in 
search of food, mate, and shelter. Plant tissues are suited for the stationary habit of plants, whereas 
tissue organisation in animals is targeted at providing higher mobility. Plants and animals are 
different kinds of organisms hence, they require different types of tissues to carry out their bodily 
functions. 
3. Tabulate differences between plants and animal tissues.
Answer
Plant Tissues Animal Tissues 
Dead supportive tissues are more abundant than living tissues in 
plants. 
Living tissues are more than dead 
tissues. 
Less energy maintenance is required. More energy maintenance is required. 
4. Write a short note on intercalary meristem.
Answer
Intercalary meristems is located in the leaves and internodes at the intercalary position. These help 
to increase the length of the internode. It is found in grass, monocots, and pines. It is a part of apical 
meristem and adds to the height of the plant. 
5. Write one main function of
(a) Apical meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
Answer
(a) They are responsible for root and stem elongation, resulting in an increase in the height of the
plant (primary growth).
(b): They cause an increase in the diameter and girth of stems or roots (secondary growth). 
6. What are simple tissues? Explain their three different types.
Answer
Simple tissues consist of cells that are structurally and functionally similar. They are made up of only 
one type of cells. Simple tissues are of three types namely parenchyma, collenchyma and 
sclerenchyma. 
Parenchyma – they are living cells and walled, soft in nature due to the presence of thin-walled cells 
Collenchyma – These are characterized by uneven thick-walled living cells. 
Sclerenchyma – They have cells with thickened lignified walls, providing them strength and making 
them waterproof. 
7. Draw a well labelled diagram of parenchyma and collenchyma. 
Answer 
 
 
8. Draw a well labelled diagram of phloem. 
Answer 
 
9. Draw a well labelled diagram of xylem. 
Answer 
Page 4


 
1. What is the importance of tissues?
Answer
• Tissue provides structural strength, mechanical strength, and shows division of labor.
• A collective number of tissues form organs in the multicellular organism.
2. Why do plants and animals possess different types of tissues?
Answer
Plants are autotrophic and stationary, whereas animals have to move from one place to another in 
search of food, mate, and shelter. Plant tissues are suited for the stationary habit of plants, whereas 
tissue organisation in animals is targeted at providing higher mobility. Plants and animals are 
different kinds of organisms hence, they require different types of tissues to carry out their bodily 
functions. 
3. Tabulate differences between plants and animal tissues.
Answer
Plant Tissues Animal Tissues 
Dead supportive tissues are more abundant than living tissues in 
plants. 
Living tissues are more than dead 
tissues. 
Less energy maintenance is required. More energy maintenance is required. 
4. Write a short note on intercalary meristem.
Answer
Intercalary meristems is located in the leaves and internodes at the intercalary position. These help 
to increase the length of the internode. It is found in grass, monocots, and pines. It is a part of apical 
meristem and adds to the height of the plant. 
5. Write one main function of
(a) Apical meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
Answer
(a) They are responsible for root and stem elongation, resulting in an increase in the height of the
plant (primary growth).
(b): They cause an increase in the diameter and girth of stems or roots (secondary growth). 
6. What are simple tissues? Explain their three different types.
Answer
Simple tissues consist of cells that are structurally and functionally similar. They are made up of only 
one type of cells. Simple tissues are of three types namely parenchyma, collenchyma and 
sclerenchyma. 
Parenchyma – they are living cells and walled, soft in nature due to the presence of thin-walled cells 
Collenchyma – These are characterized by uneven thick-walled living cells. 
Sclerenchyma – They have cells with thickened lignified walls, providing them strength and making 
them waterproof. 
7. Draw a well labelled diagram of parenchyma and collenchyma. 
Answer 
 
 
8. Draw a well labelled diagram of phloem. 
Answer 
 
9. Draw a well labelled diagram of xylem. 
Answer 
 
10. Give two functions of collenchyma. 
Answer 
Functions of collenchyma 
• Provides mechanical support and elasticity in young dicotyledonous stems. 
• Manufactures sugar and starch if their cells possess chloroplast. 
11. Write a short note on sclerenchyma. 
Answer 
Sclerenchyma cells are elongated, dead cells with lignin deposits in their cell wall. They have no 
intercellular gaps. Sclerenchyma is found in the covering of seeds and nuts, around the vascular 
tissues in stems and the veins of leaves. Sclerenchyma provides strength to the plant. The main 
function of sclerenchyma is to provide mechanical support and protection to the plant. 
12. Distinguish between xylem and phloem. 
Answer 
Xylem Phloem 
Xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and 
minerals. 
Phloem tissue helps in the transport of food. 
Page 5


 
1. What is the importance of tissues?
Answer
• Tissue provides structural strength, mechanical strength, and shows division of labor.
• A collective number of tissues form organs in the multicellular organism.
2. Why do plants and animals possess different types of tissues?
Answer
Plants are autotrophic and stationary, whereas animals have to move from one place to another in 
search of food, mate, and shelter. Plant tissues are suited for the stationary habit of plants, whereas 
tissue organisation in animals is targeted at providing higher mobility. Plants and animals are 
different kinds of organisms hence, they require different types of tissues to carry out their bodily 
functions. 
3. Tabulate differences between plants and animal tissues.
Answer
Plant Tissues Animal Tissues 
Dead supportive tissues are more abundant than living tissues in 
plants. 
Living tissues are more than dead 
tissues. 
Less energy maintenance is required. More energy maintenance is required. 
4. Write a short note on intercalary meristem.
Answer
Intercalary meristems is located in the leaves and internodes at the intercalary position. These help 
to increase the length of the internode. It is found in grass, monocots, and pines. It is a part of apical 
meristem and adds to the height of the plant. 
5. Write one main function of
(a) Apical meristem
(b) Lateral meristem
Answer
(a) They are responsible for root and stem elongation, resulting in an increase in the height of the
plant (primary growth).
(b): They cause an increase in the diameter and girth of stems or roots (secondary growth). 
6. What are simple tissues? Explain their three different types.
Answer
Simple tissues consist of cells that are structurally and functionally similar. They are made up of only 
one type of cells. Simple tissues are of three types namely parenchyma, collenchyma and 
sclerenchyma. 
Parenchyma – they are living cells and walled, soft in nature due to the presence of thin-walled cells 
Collenchyma – These are characterized by uneven thick-walled living cells. 
Sclerenchyma – They have cells with thickened lignified walls, providing them strength and making 
them waterproof. 
7. Draw a well labelled diagram of parenchyma and collenchyma. 
Answer 
 
 
8. Draw a well labelled diagram of phloem. 
Answer 
 
9. Draw a well labelled diagram of xylem. 
Answer 
 
10. Give two functions of collenchyma. 
Answer 
Functions of collenchyma 
• Provides mechanical support and elasticity in young dicotyledonous stems. 
• Manufactures sugar and starch if their cells possess chloroplast. 
11. Write a short note on sclerenchyma. 
Answer 
Sclerenchyma cells are elongated, dead cells with lignin deposits in their cell wall. They have no 
intercellular gaps. Sclerenchyma is found in the covering of seeds and nuts, around the vascular 
tissues in stems and the veins of leaves. Sclerenchyma provides strength to the plant. The main 
function of sclerenchyma is to provide mechanical support and protection to the plant. 
12. Distinguish between xylem and phloem. 
Answer 
Xylem Phloem 
Xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and 
minerals. 
Phloem tissue helps in the transport of food. 
Water is transported upwards from roots to all other 
plant parts. 
Food is transported in both upward and downward 
directions. 
13. Distinguish between tracheids and vessels. 
Answer 
Tracheids Vessels 
They are single-celled. They are made up of a row of cells. 
The end walls remain intact. The end walls get dissolved and become perforated. 
14. Explain different types of elements present in the phloem. 
Answer 
Phloem is a living tissue in vascular plants which conducts the soluble organic compounds 
synthesized during photosynthesis downwards from the leaves. 
The constituents of phloem are: 
• Companion cells – it appears to check the activity of the adjacent sieve element and 
participates in loading and unloading of the sugar into the sieve element 
• Sieve tubes – these elongated living cells, conveys carbohydrates, chiefly sucrose from 
leaves to roots and fruits 
• Phloem fibres – they are commercially useful as they possess great pliability and tensile 
strength 
• Phloem parenchyma – also known as transfer cells, they are found near the finest branches, 
ends of sieve tubes in leaf veinlets, functional here in conveying food 
15. What are tracheary elements? Describe their functions. 
Answer 
Tracheary elements are dead, hollow cells with patterned cell walls comprising xylem vessels and 
tracheids, which function as conductive hollow tubes for water and nutrient transport throughout the 
plant body. Xylem fibre cells, with evenly thickened secondary cell walls, provide mechanical support 
to the plant body. 
16. Write the functions of parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma. 
Answer 
Functions of parenchyma: 
• The main function of parenchyma is to store and assimilate food. Hence, they are referred to 
as food storage tissues. 
• Serves as a packing tissue to fill the spaces between other tissues and maintain the shape 
and firmness of the plant. 
• Stores waste products of plants. 
Functions of collenchyma: