Class 12 Legal Studies: CBSE Sample Question Papers (2025-26) | Legal Studies for Class 12 - Humanities/Arts PDF Download

 Page 1


1 | P a g e 
 
LEGAL STUDIES Code No. 074 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-26) 
 
Time Allowed: 3 hours                                                                                  Maximum Marks: 80 
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are compulsory 
? Do not change the order of the questions. Either attempt from 1-36 or 36-1. 
? Attempt all parts of the question together. 
? There is no overall choice. Internal choice has been given in the selected sections. Attempt 
accordingly. 
 
S.No Question Marks 
SECTION A 
1 An NGO, Citizens for Clean Air, approached the court to challenge the operation 
of a factory emitting toxic pollutants into the atmosphere. The court permitted the 
NGO to file the case, stating that environmental protection is in the interest of 
society as a whole. 
Which of the following statements best explains the court's decision? 
 
(A) NGOs have special rights under the Constitution to file lawsuits. 
(B) The court extended the concept of locus standi in public interest. 
(C) The factory violated corporate governance principles. 
(D) The NGO was a shareholder in the factory. 
 
1 
2 Bhavya, a minor, borrowed a sum of money from his neighbour, Mihir by 
executing a mortgage of his property in favour of Mihir. 
Bhavya has approached the court for the cancellation of the mortgage. Which of 
the following statements is true? 
 
(A) The mortgage contract is valid and Mihir will recover money advanced to 
Bhavya. 
(B) Mortgage contract is voidable, but Mihir will not be able to recover money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
(C) The mortgage contract is void and Mihir will not be able to recover his 
money advanced to Bhavya. 
(D) The mortgage contract is illegal and Mihir cannot recover his money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
Page 2


1 | P a g e 
 
LEGAL STUDIES Code No. 074 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-26) 
 
Time Allowed: 3 hours                                                                                  Maximum Marks: 80 
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are compulsory 
? Do not change the order of the questions. Either attempt from 1-36 or 36-1. 
? Attempt all parts of the question together. 
? There is no overall choice. Internal choice has been given in the selected sections. Attempt 
accordingly. 
 
S.No Question Marks 
SECTION A 
1 An NGO, Citizens for Clean Air, approached the court to challenge the operation 
of a factory emitting toxic pollutants into the atmosphere. The court permitted the 
NGO to file the case, stating that environmental protection is in the interest of 
society as a whole. 
Which of the following statements best explains the court's decision? 
 
(A) NGOs have special rights under the Constitution to file lawsuits. 
(B) The court extended the concept of locus standi in public interest. 
(C) The factory violated corporate governance principles. 
(D) The NGO was a shareholder in the factory. 
 
1 
2 Bhavya, a minor, borrowed a sum of money from his neighbour, Mihir by 
executing a mortgage of his property in favour of Mihir. 
Bhavya has approached the court for the cancellation of the mortgage. Which of 
the following statements is true? 
 
(A) The mortgage contract is valid and Mihir will recover money advanced to 
Bhavya. 
(B) Mortgage contract is voidable, but Mihir will not be able to recover money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
(C) The mortgage contract is void and Mihir will not be able to recover his 
money advanced to Bhavya. 
(D) The mortgage contract is illegal and Mihir cannot recover his money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
2 | P a g e 
 
3 Match Column A (Stages of Crime) with Column B (Sequence of Events) and 
state the correct option. 
 Column A  Column B 
A. Intention (i)  A person enters the bank wearing a mask and 
gloves but gets nervous when he sees the 
security personnel. He escapes without taking 
any money. 
B Preparation (ii) A person plans to rob a bank. He shares his idea 
with a friend, expressing his desire to carry out 
the robbery.  
C Attempt (iii)  The person enters the bank, manages to sneak 
in the pistol, threatening the staff, and takes the 
cash before escaping. 
D Commission (iv) The person researches the bank’s security 
measures and scouts the bank’s layout and 
observes the security guard’s routine. 
 
Options: 
(a) A (i); B (ii); C (iii); D (iv) 
(b) A (ii); B (iv); C (i); D (iii) 
(c) A ( ii); B (iv); C (iii);D (i) 
(d) A (i); B (iv); C (iii); D (ii) 
 
1 
4 Aman owns two vehicles: a car and a jeep. Aman is interested in selling the car, 
while Gaurav wants to purchase the jeep. 
In this case, which legal maxim will apply with respect to consent in a contract? 
 
(A) Audi Alteram Partem 
(B) quod approbo non reprobo     
(C) stare decisis 
(D) Consensus Ad Idem 
 
1 
5 Com-tech, a multinational company is planning to set up its office in cyber city 
and is seeking a location for a period of fifteen years. 
Which mode of transfer would be appropriate in this case? 
 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
Page 3


1 | P a g e 
 
LEGAL STUDIES Code No. 074 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-26) 
 
Time Allowed: 3 hours                                                                                  Maximum Marks: 80 
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are compulsory 
? Do not change the order of the questions. Either attempt from 1-36 or 36-1. 
? Attempt all parts of the question together. 
? There is no overall choice. Internal choice has been given in the selected sections. Attempt 
accordingly. 
 
S.No Question Marks 
SECTION A 
1 An NGO, Citizens for Clean Air, approached the court to challenge the operation 
of a factory emitting toxic pollutants into the atmosphere. The court permitted the 
NGO to file the case, stating that environmental protection is in the interest of 
society as a whole. 
Which of the following statements best explains the court's decision? 
 
(A) NGOs have special rights under the Constitution to file lawsuits. 
(B) The court extended the concept of locus standi in public interest. 
(C) The factory violated corporate governance principles. 
(D) The NGO was a shareholder in the factory. 
 
1 
2 Bhavya, a minor, borrowed a sum of money from his neighbour, Mihir by 
executing a mortgage of his property in favour of Mihir. 
Bhavya has approached the court for the cancellation of the mortgage. Which of 
the following statements is true? 
 
(A) The mortgage contract is valid and Mihir will recover money advanced to 
Bhavya. 
(B) Mortgage contract is voidable, but Mihir will not be able to recover money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
(C) The mortgage contract is void and Mihir will not be able to recover his 
money advanced to Bhavya. 
(D) The mortgage contract is illegal and Mihir cannot recover his money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
2 | P a g e 
 
3 Match Column A (Stages of Crime) with Column B (Sequence of Events) and 
state the correct option. 
 Column A  Column B 
A. Intention (i)  A person enters the bank wearing a mask and 
gloves but gets nervous when he sees the 
security personnel. He escapes without taking 
any money. 
B Preparation (ii) A person plans to rob a bank. He shares his idea 
with a friend, expressing his desire to carry out 
the robbery.  
C Attempt (iii)  The person enters the bank, manages to sneak 
in the pistol, threatening the staff, and takes the 
cash before escaping. 
D Commission (iv) The person researches the bank’s security 
measures and scouts the bank’s layout and 
observes the security guard’s routine. 
 
Options: 
(a) A (i); B (ii); C (iii); D (iv) 
(b) A (ii); B (iv); C (i); D (iii) 
(c) A ( ii); B (iv); C (iii);D (i) 
(d) A (i); B (iv); C (iii); D (ii) 
 
1 
4 Aman owns two vehicles: a car and a jeep. Aman is interested in selling the car, 
while Gaurav wants to purchase the jeep. 
In this case, which legal maxim will apply with respect to consent in a contract? 
 
(A) Audi Alteram Partem 
(B) quod approbo non reprobo     
(C) stare decisis 
(D) Consensus Ad Idem 
 
1 
5 Com-tech, a multinational company is planning to set up its office in cyber city 
and is seeking a location for a period of fifteen years. 
Which mode of transfer would be appropriate in this case? 
 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 3 | P a g e 
 
 
(A) Sale 
(B) Lease 
(C) Exchange 
(D) Mortgage 
 
6 Given below are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read 
them carefully and choose the correct answer from the options that follow. 
 
Assertion (A): Article 48 A of the Constitution of India mandates that the State 
take steps to protect and improve the environment, while also safeguarding 
forests and wildlife. 
 
Reason (R): Article 48A promotes industrialization and urban development over 
environmental protection, allowing the State to prioritize economic growth even 
at the cost of forest and wildlife degradation. 
 
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
(C) A is true, R is false 
(D) A is false, R is true  
 
1 
7 Given below are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read 
them carefully and choose the correct answer from the options that follow. 
 
Assertion (A) : The Supreme Court of India can take suo motu action in matters 
of public importance or enforce fundamental rights. 
 
Reason(R): Under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court has 
the authority to directly intervene in cases of fundamental rights violations and 
can initiate proceedings on its own if necessary, even without a formal petition. 
 
Choose the correct answer: 
 
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
(C) A is true, R is false 
(D) A is false, R is true  
 
 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
Page 4


1 | P a g e 
 
LEGAL STUDIES Code No. 074 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-26) 
 
Time Allowed: 3 hours                                                                                  Maximum Marks: 80 
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are compulsory 
? Do not change the order of the questions. Either attempt from 1-36 or 36-1. 
? Attempt all parts of the question together. 
? There is no overall choice. Internal choice has been given in the selected sections. Attempt 
accordingly. 
 
S.No Question Marks 
SECTION A 
1 An NGO, Citizens for Clean Air, approached the court to challenge the operation 
of a factory emitting toxic pollutants into the atmosphere. The court permitted the 
NGO to file the case, stating that environmental protection is in the interest of 
society as a whole. 
Which of the following statements best explains the court's decision? 
 
(A) NGOs have special rights under the Constitution to file lawsuits. 
(B) The court extended the concept of locus standi in public interest. 
(C) The factory violated corporate governance principles. 
(D) The NGO was a shareholder in the factory. 
 
1 
2 Bhavya, a minor, borrowed a sum of money from his neighbour, Mihir by 
executing a mortgage of his property in favour of Mihir. 
Bhavya has approached the court for the cancellation of the mortgage. Which of 
the following statements is true? 
 
(A) The mortgage contract is valid and Mihir will recover money advanced to 
Bhavya. 
(B) Mortgage contract is voidable, but Mihir will not be able to recover money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
(C) The mortgage contract is void and Mihir will not be able to recover his 
money advanced to Bhavya. 
(D) The mortgage contract is illegal and Mihir cannot recover his money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
2 | P a g e 
 
3 Match Column A (Stages of Crime) with Column B (Sequence of Events) and 
state the correct option. 
 Column A  Column B 
A. Intention (i)  A person enters the bank wearing a mask and 
gloves but gets nervous when he sees the 
security personnel. He escapes without taking 
any money. 
B Preparation (ii) A person plans to rob a bank. He shares his idea 
with a friend, expressing his desire to carry out 
the robbery.  
C Attempt (iii)  The person enters the bank, manages to sneak 
in the pistol, threatening the staff, and takes the 
cash before escaping. 
D Commission (iv) The person researches the bank’s security 
measures and scouts the bank’s layout and 
observes the security guard’s routine. 
 
Options: 
(a) A (i); B (ii); C (iii); D (iv) 
(b) A (ii); B (iv); C (i); D (iii) 
(c) A ( ii); B (iv); C (iii);D (i) 
(d) A (i); B (iv); C (iii); D (ii) 
 
1 
4 Aman owns two vehicles: a car and a jeep. Aman is interested in selling the car, 
while Gaurav wants to purchase the jeep. 
In this case, which legal maxim will apply with respect to consent in a contract? 
 
(A) Audi Alteram Partem 
(B) quod approbo non reprobo     
(C) stare decisis 
(D) Consensus Ad Idem 
 
1 
5 Com-tech, a multinational company is planning to set up its office in cyber city 
and is seeking a location for a period of fifteen years. 
Which mode of transfer would be appropriate in this case? 
 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 3 | P a g e 
 
 
(A) Sale 
(B) Lease 
(C) Exchange 
(D) Mortgage 
 
6 Given below are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read 
them carefully and choose the correct answer from the options that follow. 
 
Assertion (A): Article 48 A of the Constitution of India mandates that the State 
take steps to protect and improve the environment, while also safeguarding 
forests and wildlife. 
 
Reason (R): Article 48A promotes industrialization and urban development over 
environmental protection, allowing the State to prioritize economic growth even 
at the cost of forest and wildlife degradation. 
 
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
(C) A is true, R is false 
(D) A is false, R is true  
 
1 
7 Given below are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read 
them carefully and choose the correct answer from the options that follow. 
 
Assertion (A) : The Supreme Court of India can take suo motu action in matters 
of public importance or enforce fundamental rights. 
 
Reason(R): Under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court has 
the authority to directly intervene in cases of fundamental rights violations and 
can initiate proceedings on its own if necessary, even without a formal petition. 
 
Choose the correct answer: 
 
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
(C) A is true, R is false 
(D) A is false, R is true  
 
 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
4 | P a g e 
 
8 The farm of Sultanpur is the property of Chaman and worth rupees eight lakhs. 
Amar, by an instrument of gift, professes to transfer the farm of Sultanpur to Bolu, 
giving by the same instrument rupees ten lakhs to Chaman. Chaman chooses to 
retain the farm. Which of the following statements is correct? 
 
(A) Chaman forfeits the gift of rupees ten lakhs due to the doctrine of election. 
(B) Chaman can retain rupees ten lakhs as it is a gift without transferring the 
farm. 
(C) Chaman cannot choose to retain the farm of Sultanpur. 
(D) Amar, by the same instrument of gift, cannot profess to transfer the farm 
and give ten lakhs to Chaman. 
 
1 
9 Identify the correct statement that reflects the history of alternative dispute 
resolution (ADR) in India. 
 
(A) The modern adversarial model of the Indian judiciary was introduced after 
the British colonial era, replacing native ADR methods. 
(B) Native ADR techniques in India existed even before the establishment of 
English-style courts during the British colonial period. 
(C) English legal systems had no influence on the practice of Indian courts, 
advocates, and judges. 
(D) The introduction of English courts in India abolished all traditional methods 
of dispute resolution. 
 
1 
10 Once a property has been transferred through a relinquishment, sale, or gift deed 
to a recipient, it is essential to have the transfer recorded in the government 
records. Which of the following methods is used to officially update the ownership 
in these records? 
 
(A) Registration 
(B) Mutation 
(C) Mortgage 
(D) Attestation 
 
1 
11 Rajeev Verma, a celebrated painter, was commissioned by the state government 
to create a large painting for the newly constructed state library. The artwork, 
completed in 1990 after four years of meticulous effort, was removed in 2020 
during a major renovation to make space for new exhibitions. While being moved 
to storage, the painting was accidentally damaged. 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
Page 5


1 | P a g e 
 
LEGAL STUDIES Code No. 074 
Sample Question Paper 
Class – XII (2025-26) 
 
Time Allowed: 3 hours                                                                                  Maximum Marks: 80 
 
General Instructions: 
? All questions are compulsory 
? Do not change the order of the questions. Either attempt from 1-36 or 36-1. 
? Attempt all parts of the question together. 
? There is no overall choice. Internal choice has been given in the selected sections. Attempt 
accordingly. 
 
S.No Question Marks 
SECTION A 
1 An NGO, Citizens for Clean Air, approached the court to challenge the operation 
of a factory emitting toxic pollutants into the atmosphere. The court permitted the 
NGO to file the case, stating that environmental protection is in the interest of 
society as a whole. 
Which of the following statements best explains the court's decision? 
 
(A) NGOs have special rights under the Constitution to file lawsuits. 
(B) The court extended the concept of locus standi in public interest. 
(C) The factory violated corporate governance principles. 
(D) The NGO was a shareholder in the factory. 
 
1 
2 Bhavya, a minor, borrowed a sum of money from his neighbour, Mihir by 
executing a mortgage of his property in favour of Mihir. 
Bhavya has approached the court for the cancellation of the mortgage. Which of 
the following statements is true? 
 
(A) The mortgage contract is valid and Mihir will recover money advanced to 
Bhavya. 
(B) Mortgage contract is voidable, but Mihir will not be able to recover money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
(C) The mortgage contract is void and Mihir will not be able to recover his 
money advanced to Bhavya. 
(D) The mortgage contract is illegal and Mihir cannot recover his money 
advanced to Bhavya. 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
2 | P a g e 
 
3 Match Column A (Stages of Crime) with Column B (Sequence of Events) and 
state the correct option. 
 Column A  Column B 
A. Intention (i)  A person enters the bank wearing a mask and 
gloves but gets nervous when he sees the 
security personnel. He escapes without taking 
any money. 
B Preparation (ii) A person plans to rob a bank. He shares his idea 
with a friend, expressing his desire to carry out 
the robbery.  
C Attempt (iii)  The person enters the bank, manages to sneak 
in the pistol, threatening the staff, and takes the 
cash before escaping. 
D Commission (iv) The person researches the bank’s security 
measures and scouts the bank’s layout and 
observes the security guard’s routine. 
 
Options: 
(a) A (i); B (ii); C (iii); D (iv) 
(b) A (ii); B (iv); C (i); D (iii) 
(c) A ( ii); B (iv); C (iii);D (i) 
(d) A (i); B (iv); C (iii); D (ii) 
 
1 
4 Aman owns two vehicles: a car and a jeep. Aman is interested in selling the car, 
while Gaurav wants to purchase the jeep. 
In this case, which legal maxim will apply with respect to consent in a contract? 
 
(A) Audi Alteram Partem 
(B) quod approbo non reprobo     
(C) stare decisis 
(D) Consensus Ad Idem 
 
1 
5 Com-tech, a multinational company is planning to set up its office in cyber city 
and is seeking a location for a period of fifteen years. 
Which mode of transfer would be appropriate in this case? 
 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26 3 | P a g e 
 
 
(A) Sale 
(B) Lease 
(C) Exchange 
(D) Mortgage 
 
6 Given below are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read 
them carefully and choose the correct answer from the options that follow. 
 
Assertion (A): Article 48 A of the Constitution of India mandates that the State 
take steps to protect and improve the environment, while also safeguarding 
forests and wildlife. 
 
Reason (R): Article 48A promotes industrialization and urban development over 
environmental protection, allowing the State to prioritize economic growth even 
at the cost of forest and wildlife degradation. 
 
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
(C) A is true, R is false 
(D) A is false, R is true  
 
1 
7 Given below are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read 
them carefully and choose the correct answer from the options that follow. 
 
Assertion (A) : The Supreme Court of India can take suo motu action in matters 
of public importance or enforce fundamental rights. 
 
Reason(R): Under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court has 
the authority to directly intervene in cases of fundamental rights violations and 
can initiate proceedings on its own if necessary, even without a formal petition. 
 
Choose the correct answer: 
 
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and R is the correct explanation of A. 
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. 
(C) A is true, R is false 
(D) A is false, R is true  
 
 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
4 | P a g e 
 
8 The farm of Sultanpur is the property of Chaman and worth rupees eight lakhs. 
Amar, by an instrument of gift, professes to transfer the farm of Sultanpur to Bolu, 
giving by the same instrument rupees ten lakhs to Chaman. Chaman chooses to 
retain the farm. Which of the following statements is correct? 
 
(A) Chaman forfeits the gift of rupees ten lakhs due to the doctrine of election. 
(B) Chaman can retain rupees ten lakhs as it is a gift without transferring the 
farm. 
(C) Chaman cannot choose to retain the farm of Sultanpur. 
(D) Amar, by the same instrument of gift, cannot profess to transfer the farm 
and give ten lakhs to Chaman. 
 
1 
9 Identify the correct statement that reflects the history of alternative dispute 
resolution (ADR) in India. 
 
(A) The modern adversarial model of the Indian judiciary was introduced after 
the British colonial era, replacing native ADR methods. 
(B) Native ADR techniques in India existed even before the establishment of 
English-style courts during the British colonial period. 
(C) English legal systems had no influence on the practice of Indian courts, 
advocates, and judges. 
(D) The introduction of English courts in India abolished all traditional methods 
of dispute resolution. 
 
1 
10 Once a property has been transferred through a relinquishment, sale, or gift deed 
to a recipient, it is essential to have the transfer recorded in the government 
records. Which of the following methods is used to officially update the ownership 
in these records? 
 
(A) Registration 
(B) Mutation 
(C) Mortgage 
(D) Attestation 
 
1 
11 Rajeev Verma, a celebrated painter, was commissioned by the state government 
to create a large painting for the newly constructed state library. The artwork, 
completed in 1990 after four years of meticulous effort, was removed in 2020 
during a major renovation to make space for new exhibitions. While being moved 
to storage, the painting was accidentally damaged. 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26
5 | P a g e 
 
Under the Copyright Act, 1957, identify the right of Rajeev Verma that has been 
violated due to the accidental damage of the painting? 
 
(A) Right of Paternity 
(B) Right of Integrity 
(C) Right of Reproduction 
(D) Right of Distribution 
 
12 Which of the following is a Fundamental Duty inserted by the 86th Amendment? 
 
(A) Right to education for children between age six and fourteen is now a 
fundamental right under Article 21A. 
(B) Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age 
of six years. 
(C) Providing opportunities for education to children by their parents between 
the age of six and fourteen years. 
(D) Promotion of educational and economic interests of weaker sections and 
protection from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. 
 
1 
13 Shakila, a Class IV employee under the Central Government, belongs to the 
minority community. She has moved the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) 
regarding a matter of discrimination in salary in her department. However, the 
matter has been pending for a very long time. She now wants to approach the 
National Commission for Minorities to seek speedy redressal. What are the 
options available to her? 
 
(A) She can move the National Commission for Minorities for speedy 
redressal as it is a case of discrimination. 
(B) She can take her matter before the Lok Adalat. 
(C) She will have to wait before the Central Administrative Tribunal for 
disposal of her case. 
(D) She can file a plea before the National Commission for Women against 
discrimination. 
 
1 
14 Identify the primary purpose of ratification in the context of international treaties? 
 
(A) To ensure the representative who signed the treaty had due authority. 
(B) To provide a method for resolving disputes among states. 
(C) To require the consent of all individuals within the state. 
(D) To eliminate the need for legislative approval of treaties. 
 
1 
*Please note that the assessment scheme of the Academic Session 2024-25 will continue in the current session i.e. 2025-26