CBSE Class 11 History Sample Paper 2025 - 4

 Page 1


Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:
1. Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 34 questions in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
2. Section A – Question 1 to 21 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
3. Section B – Question no. 22 to 27 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 60-80 words.
4. Section C - Question no 28 to 30 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 8 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 300-350 words.
5. Section D – Question no.31 to 33 are Source based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
6. Section-E - Question no. 34 is Map based, carrying 5 marks that includes the identification and location of
significant test items. Attach the map with the answer book.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
8. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section A
a) Printed books b) Documents
c) Sculptures d) All of these
1. Which of these is the main source of knowing European history from the 14th Century? [1]
a) 1895 b) 1897
c) 1893 d) 1890
2. When was treaty of Shimonoseki signed? [1]
a) Several problems to nature people b) Mere mirage of finding gold mines in
California
c) Several wars between natives and
Europeans
d) Construction of railway lines, recruitment of
Chinese workers
3. Gold Rush led to [1]
4. Identify the given image from the following options: [1]
Page 1 of 14
Page 2


Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:
1. Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 34 questions in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
2. Section A – Question 1 to 21 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
3. Section B – Question no. 22 to 27 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 60-80 words.
4. Section C - Question no 28 to 30 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 8 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 300-350 words.
5. Section D – Question no.31 to 33 are Source based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
6. Section-E - Question no. 34 is Map based, carrying 5 marks that includes the identification and location of
significant test items. Attach the map with the answer book.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
8. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section A
a) Printed books b) Documents
c) Sculptures d) All of these
1. Which of these is the main source of knowing European history from the 14th Century? [1]
a) 1895 b) 1897
c) 1893 d) 1890
2. When was treaty of Shimonoseki signed? [1]
a) Several problems to nature people b) Mere mirage of finding gold mines in
California
c) Several wars between natives and
Europeans
d) Construction of railway lines, recruitment of
Chinese workers
3. Gold Rush led to [1]
4. Identify the given image from the following options: [1]
Page 1 of 14
a) A citadel of a later period, c.3000 BCE, with
an open courtyard and in-and-out façade
b) A temple of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
c) A public bath of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
d) A monastery of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
5. Assertion (A): Many languages were spoken in the empire, but for the purposes of administration Latin and
Greek were the most widely used. 
Reason (R): The upper classes of the east spoke and wrote in Greek, those of the west in Greek.
[1]
a) Mohenjodaro b) Kalibangan
c) Mari d) Ur
6. In the 2000 BCE, the city that flourished as the royal capital of Mesopotamia was [1]
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
7. Assertion (A): The early Mesopotamian countryside coordinated and equally shared land and water without any
conflict. 
Reason (R): Those who lived on the upstream stretches of a Euphrates river channel could divert so much water
into their fields that villages downstream were left without water.
[1]
a) Serfs b) Plowman
c) Knight d) Seigneur
8. Identify the type of peasant with the help of following information.
They cultivated plots of land, but these belonged to the lord, so the major of the produce had to be given to
the lord.
They also had to work on the land which belonged exclusively to the lord.
[1]
a) England b) USSR
c) China d) USA
9. Nuclear Bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by ________. [1]
10. Consider the following statements and select the correct from the following option: [1]
Page 2 of 14
Page 3


Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:
1. Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 34 questions in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
2. Section A – Question 1 to 21 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
3. Section B – Question no. 22 to 27 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 60-80 words.
4. Section C - Question no 28 to 30 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 8 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 300-350 words.
5. Section D – Question no.31 to 33 are Source based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
6. Section-E - Question no. 34 is Map based, carrying 5 marks that includes the identification and location of
significant test items. Attach the map with the answer book.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
8. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section A
a) Printed books b) Documents
c) Sculptures d) All of these
1. Which of these is the main source of knowing European history from the 14th Century? [1]
a) 1895 b) 1897
c) 1893 d) 1890
2. When was treaty of Shimonoseki signed? [1]
a) Several problems to nature people b) Mere mirage of finding gold mines in
California
c) Several wars between natives and
Europeans
d) Construction of railway lines, recruitment of
Chinese workers
3. Gold Rush led to [1]
4. Identify the given image from the following options: [1]
Page 1 of 14
a) A citadel of a later period, c.3000 BCE, with
an open courtyard and in-and-out façade
b) A temple of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
c) A public bath of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
d) A monastery of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
5. Assertion (A): Many languages were spoken in the empire, but for the purposes of administration Latin and
Greek were the most widely used. 
Reason (R): The upper classes of the east spoke and wrote in Greek, those of the west in Greek.
[1]
a) Mohenjodaro b) Kalibangan
c) Mari d) Ur
6. In the 2000 BCE, the city that flourished as the royal capital of Mesopotamia was [1]
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
7. Assertion (A): The early Mesopotamian countryside coordinated and equally shared land and water without any
conflict. 
Reason (R): Those who lived on the upstream stretches of a Euphrates river channel could divert so much water
into their fields that villages downstream were left without water.
[1]
a) Serfs b) Plowman
c) Knight d) Seigneur
8. Identify the type of peasant with the help of following information.
They cultivated plots of land, but these belonged to the lord, so the major of the produce had to be given to
the lord.
They also had to work on the land which belonged exclusively to the lord.
[1]
a) England b) USSR
c) China d) USA
9. Nuclear Bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by ________. [1]
10. Consider the following statements and select the correct from the following option: [1]
Page 2 of 14
a) i and ii b) ii and iii
c) i, ii and iii d) i and iii
i. Mongol forces in pursuit of Sultan Muhammad pushed into Azerbaijan, defeated Russian forces at the
Crimea and encircled the Caspian Sea.
ii. Another wing followed the Sultan’s son, Jalaluddin, into Afghanistan and the Sindh province.
iii. At the banks of the Ganga, Genghis Khan considered returning to Mongolia through North India and Assam.
a) ii, iii, iv, i b) i, ii, iii, iv
c) iv, ii, i, iii d) iii, ii, i, iv
11. Find out the correct chronological order from the following options:
i. Jacques Cartier travels down the St Lawrence River and meets native peoples
ii. Amerigo de Vespucci’s Travels published
iii. French found the colony of Quebec
iv. John Cabot reaches Newfoundland
[1]
a) She could analyze the situation national and
international the best way and took right
decisions
b) There were billions of stock in several
mines
c) There was a repository of coal and other
natural resources
d) She had sufficient means and machines
12. Japan could modernise rapidly because [1]
a) 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c b) 1 - b, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 - a
c) 1 - c, 2 - b, 3 - d, 4 - a d) 1 - a, 2 - d, 3 - c, 4 - b
13. Match the following and select the correct option
List I List II
1. 1516 A. Martin Luther writes the Ninety-Five Theses
2. 1517 B. Luther translates the Bible into German
3. 1522 C. Peasant uprising in Germany
4. 1525 D. Thomas More’s Utopia published
[1]
a) Numidia b) Algeria
c) Annaba d) Hippo
14. Saint Augustine was bishop of the North African city of [1]
a) 15 Aug. 1842 b) 15 Aug. 1942
c) 29 Aug. 1842 d) 26 Aug. 1942
15. When was the Treaty of Nanking signed? [1]
a) Grandfather of Genghis Khan b) Grandson of Genghis Khan
c) Son of Genghis Khan d) Father of Genghis Khan
16. Who was Mongke? [1]
Page 3 of 14
Page 4


Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:
1. Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 34 questions in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
2. Section A – Question 1 to 21 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
3. Section B – Question no. 22 to 27 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 60-80 words.
4. Section C - Question no 28 to 30 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 8 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 300-350 words.
5. Section D – Question no.31 to 33 are Source based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
6. Section-E - Question no. 34 is Map based, carrying 5 marks that includes the identification and location of
significant test items. Attach the map with the answer book.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
8. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section A
a) Printed books b) Documents
c) Sculptures d) All of these
1. Which of these is the main source of knowing European history from the 14th Century? [1]
a) 1895 b) 1897
c) 1893 d) 1890
2. When was treaty of Shimonoseki signed? [1]
a) Several problems to nature people b) Mere mirage of finding gold mines in
California
c) Several wars between natives and
Europeans
d) Construction of railway lines, recruitment of
Chinese workers
3. Gold Rush led to [1]
4. Identify the given image from the following options: [1]
Page 1 of 14
a) A citadel of a later period, c.3000 BCE, with
an open courtyard and in-and-out façade
b) A temple of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
c) A public bath of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
d) A monastery of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
5. Assertion (A): Many languages were spoken in the empire, but for the purposes of administration Latin and
Greek were the most widely used. 
Reason (R): The upper classes of the east spoke and wrote in Greek, those of the west in Greek.
[1]
a) Mohenjodaro b) Kalibangan
c) Mari d) Ur
6. In the 2000 BCE, the city that flourished as the royal capital of Mesopotamia was [1]
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
7. Assertion (A): The early Mesopotamian countryside coordinated and equally shared land and water without any
conflict. 
Reason (R): Those who lived on the upstream stretches of a Euphrates river channel could divert so much water
into their fields that villages downstream were left without water.
[1]
a) Serfs b) Plowman
c) Knight d) Seigneur
8. Identify the type of peasant with the help of following information.
They cultivated plots of land, but these belonged to the lord, so the major of the produce had to be given to
the lord.
They also had to work on the land which belonged exclusively to the lord.
[1]
a) England b) USSR
c) China d) USA
9. Nuclear Bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by ________. [1]
10. Consider the following statements and select the correct from the following option: [1]
Page 2 of 14
a) i and ii b) ii and iii
c) i, ii and iii d) i and iii
i. Mongol forces in pursuit of Sultan Muhammad pushed into Azerbaijan, defeated Russian forces at the
Crimea and encircled the Caspian Sea.
ii. Another wing followed the Sultan’s son, Jalaluddin, into Afghanistan and the Sindh province.
iii. At the banks of the Ganga, Genghis Khan considered returning to Mongolia through North India and Assam.
a) ii, iii, iv, i b) i, ii, iii, iv
c) iv, ii, i, iii d) iii, ii, i, iv
11. Find out the correct chronological order from the following options:
i. Jacques Cartier travels down the St Lawrence River and meets native peoples
ii. Amerigo de Vespucci’s Travels published
iii. French found the colony of Quebec
iv. John Cabot reaches Newfoundland
[1]
a) She could analyze the situation national and
international the best way and took right
decisions
b) There were billions of stock in several
mines
c) There was a repository of coal and other
natural resources
d) She had sufficient means and machines
12. Japan could modernise rapidly because [1]
a) 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c b) 1 - b, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 - a
c) 1 - c, 2 - b, 3 - d, 4 - a d) 1 - a, 2 - d, 3 - c, 4 - b
13. Match the following and select the correct option
List I List II
1. 1516 A. Martin Luther writes the Ninety-Five Theses
2. 1517 B. Luther translates the Bible into German
3. 1522 C. Peasant uprising in Germany
4. 1525 D. Thomas More’s Utopia published
[1]
a) Numidia b) Algeria
c) Annaba d) Hippo
14. Saint Augustine was bishop of the North African city of [1]
a) 15 Aug. 1842 b) 15 Aug. 1942
c) 29 Aug. 1842 d) 26 Aug. 1942
15. When was the Treaty of Nanking signed? [1]
a) Grandfather of Genghis Khan b) Grandson of Genghis Khan
c) Son of Genghis Khan d) Father of Genghis Khan
16. Who was Mongke? [1]
Page 3 of 14
Section B
a) A military official b) A military dictator
c) A military office d) A military post
17. What was Yam? [1]
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
18. Assertion (A): Over the last 100 years, European historians have done detailed work on the histories of regions,
even of individual villages. 
Reason (R): From the medieval period, there is a lot of material in the form of recording, including paintings
and details of paintings ownership and prices.
[1]
a) Alaska b) Newjercy
c) California d) Hawai
19. Where was gold found in 1849 in America? [1]
a) 1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - c, 4 - a b) 1 - c, 2 - b, 3 - d, 4 - a
c) 1 - b, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 - a d) 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c
20. Match the following and select the correct option
List I List II
1. 1949 A. Death of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai
2. 1962 B. People’s Republic of China
3. 1966 C. Cultural Revolution
4. 1976 D. China attacks India over border dispute
[1]
a) 1609 b) 1620
c) 1608 d) 1809
21. When did French acquire Quebec as their colony? [1]
22. What were the major developments before the Meiji restoration that made it possible for Japan to modernize
rapidly?
[3]
OR
What did people’s Republic of China do for humanity?
23. How will you justify that the Europeans and the natives of America had different perceptions regarding forests
and agriculture?
[3]
24. How did later Mongol reflections on the Yasa bring out the uneasy relationship they had with the memory of
Genghis Khan?
[3]
25. Write a note on movement of 4th May in China. [3]
26. Write in brief about the importance of southern and north-east regions of Mesopotamia. [3]
27. Write a note on the prevalence and abolition of slavery in the USA. [3]
OR
Page 4 of 14
Page 5


Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 80 
General Instructions:
1. Question paper comprises five Sections – A, B, C, D and E. There are 34 questions in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
2. Section A – Question 1 to 21 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
3. Section B – Question no. 22 to 27 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 60-80 words.
4. Section C - Question no 28 to 30 are Long Answer Type Questions, carrying 8 marks each. Answer to each
question should not exceed 300-350 words.
5. Section D – Question no.31 to 33 are Source based questions with three sub questions and are of 4 marks each.
6. Section-E - Question no. 34 is Map based, carrying 5 marks that includes the identification and location of
significant test items. Attach the map with the answer book.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided in few questions.
Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
8. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever necessary.
Section A
a) Printed books b) Documents
c) Sculptures d) All of these
1. Which of these is the main source of knowing European history from the 14th Century? [1]
a) 1895 b) 1897
c) 1893 d) 1890
2. When was treaty of Shimonoseki signed? [1]
a) Several problems to nature people b) Mere mirage of finding gold mines in
California
c) Several wars between natives and
Europeans
d) Construction of railway lines, recruitment of
Chinese workers
3. Gold Rush led to [1]
4. Identify the given image from the following options: [1]
Page 1 of 14
a) A citadel of a later period, c.3000 BCE, with
an open courtyard and in-and-out façade
b) A temple of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
c) A public bath of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
d) A monastery of a later period, c.3000 BCE,
with an open courtyard and in-and-out
façade
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
5. Assertion (A): Many languages were spoken in the empire, but for the purposes of administration Latin and
Greek were the most widely used. 
Reason (R): The upper classes of the east spoke and wrote in Greek, those of the west in Greek.
[1]
a) Mohenjodaro b) Kalibangan
c) Mari d) Ur
6. In the 2000 BCE, the city that flourished as the royal capital of Mesopotamia was [1]
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
7. Assertion (A): The early Mesopotamian countryside coordinated and equally shared land and water without any
conflict. 
Reason (R): Those who lived on the upstream stretches of a Euphrates river channel could divert so much water
into their fields that villages downstream were left without water.
[1]
a) Serfs b) Plowman
c) Knight d) Seigneur
8. Identify the type of peasant with the help of following information.
They cultivated plots of land, but these belonged to the lord, so the major of the produce had to be given to
the lord.
They also had to work on the land which belonged exclusively to the lord.
[1]
a) England b) USSR
c) China d) USA
9. Nuclear Bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by ________. [1]
10. Consider the following statements and select the correct from the following option: [1]
Page 2 of 14
a) i and ii b) ii and iii
c) i, ii and iii d) i and iii
i. Mongol forces in pursuit of Sultan Muhammad pushed into Azerbaijan, defeated Russian forces at the
Crimea and encircled the Caspian Sea.
ii. Another wing followed the Sultan’s son, Jalaluddin, into Afghanistan and the Sindh province.
iii. At the banks of the Ganga, Genghis Khan considered returning to Mongolia through North India and Assam.
a) ii, iii, iv, i b) i, ii, iii, iv
c) iv, ii, i, iii d) iii, ii, i, iv
11. Find out the correct chronological order from the following options:
i. Jacques Cartier travels down the St Lawrence River and meets native peoples
ii. Amerigo de Vespucci’s Travels published
iii. French found the colony of Quebec
iv. John Cabot reaches Newfoundland
[1]
a) She could analyze the situation national and
international the best way and took right
decisions
b) There were billions of stock in several
mines
c) There was a repository of coal and other
natural resources
d) She had sufficient means and machines
12. Japan could modernise rapidly because [1]
a) 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c b) 1 - b, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 - a
c) 1 - c, 2 - b, 3 - d, 4 - a d) 1 - a, 2 - d, 3 - c, 4 - b
13. Match the following and select the correct option
List I List II
1. 1516 A. Martin Luther writes the Ninety-Five Theses
2. 1517 B. Luther translates the Bible into German
3. 1522 C. Peasant uprising in Germany
4. 1525 D. Thomas More’s Utopia published
[1]
a) Numidia b) Algeria
c) Annaba d) Hippo
14. Saint Augustine was bishop of the North African city of [1]
a) 15 Aug. 1842 b) 15 Aug. 1942
c) 29 Aug. 1842 d) 26 Aug. 1942
15. When was the Treaty of Nanking signed? [1]
a) Grandfather of Genghis Khan b) Grandson of Genghis Khan
c) Son of Genghis Khan d) Father of Genghis Khan
16. Who was Mongke? [1]
Page 3 of 14
Section B
a) A military official b) A military dictator
c) A military office d) A military post
17. What was Yam? [1]
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
18. Assertion (A): Over the last 100 years, European historians have done detailed work on the histories of regions,
even of individual villages. 
Reason (R): From the medieval period, there is a lot of material in the form of recording, including paintings
and details of paintings ownership and prices.
[1]
a) Alaska b) Newjercy
c) California d) Hawai
19. Where was gold found in 1849 in America? [1]
a) 1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - c, 4 - a b) 1 - c, 2 - b, 3 - d, 4 - a
c) 1 - b, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 - a d) 1 - d, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4 - c
20. Match the following and select the correct option
List I List II
1. 1949 A. Death of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai
2. 1962 B. People’s Republic of China
3. 1966 C. Cultural Revolution
4. 1976 D. China attacks India over border dispute
[1]
a) 1609 b) 1620
c) 1608 d) 1809
21. When did French acquire Quebec as their colony? [1]
22. What were the major developments before the Meiji restoration that made it possible for Japan to modernize
rapidly?
[3]
OR
What did people’s Republic of China do for humanity?
23. How will you justify that the Europeans and the natives of America had different perceptions regarding forests
and agriculture?
[3]
24. How did later Mongol reflections on the Yasa bring out the uneasy relationship they had with the memory of
Genghis Khan?
[3]
25. Write a note on movement of 4th May in China. [3]
26. Write in brief about the importance of southern and north-east regions of Mesopotamia. [3]
27. Write a note on the prevalence and abolition of slavery in the USA. [3]
OR
Page 4 of 14
Section C
Section D
What do you know about the earliest inhabitants of North America?
28. Critically examine the condition of European women in the Renaissance Age. [8]
OR
How did Humanist ideas spread?
29. "Europe’s economic progress slowed down by the early 14th century” - Give reasons. [8]
OR
Describe the life of monks and nuns of the medieval Europe.
30. Elaborate the economic scenario of the Roman empire. [8]
OR
Throw some light on economic expansion of the Roman Empire.
31. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The Capture of Bukhara
Juwaini, a late-thirteenth-century Persian chronicler of the Mongol rulers of Iran, carried an account of the
capture of Bukhara in 1220. After the conquest of the city, Juwaini reported, Genghis Khan went to the festival
ground where the rich residents of the city were and addressed them: ‘O people know that you have committed
great sins, and that the great ones among you have committed these sins. If you ask me what proof I have for
these words, I say it is because I am the punishment of God. If you had not committed great sins, God would not
have sent a punishment like me upon you'... Now one man had escaped from Bukhara after its capture and had
come to Khurasan. He was questioned about the fate of the city and replied: They came, they [mined the walls],
they burnt, they slew, they plundered and they departed.
i. By whom is the above passage written? What does he describe in it? (1)
ii. What do you know about Genghis Khan? What did Genghis Khan say to the conquered people? (1)
iii. Write any two contributions of Genghis Khan. (2)
[4]
32. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: 
The Japanese had borrowed their written script from the Chinese in the sixth century. However. However, since
their language is very different from Chinese they developed two phonetic alphabets - hiragana and Katakana.
Hiragana is considered feminine because it was used by many women writers in the Heian period (such as
Murasaki). It is written using a mixture of Chinese characters and phonetics so that the main part of the word is
written with a character - for instance, in ‘going5 ‘go5 would be written with a character and the ‘ing5 in
phonetics. 
The existence of a phonetic syllabary meant that knowledge spread from the elites to the winder society
relatively quickly. In the 1880s it was suggested that Japanese develop a completely phonetic script, or adopt a
European language. Neither was done.
i. In which three scripts, the Japanese is written? Which of these is the script taken from China? (1)
ii. Which script is considered feminine and why? (1)
iii. How the spread of knowledge from the elites to the wider society was made possible? (2)
[4]
33. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow:
The Seal-An Urban Artefact
In India, early stone seals were stamped. In Mesopotamia until the end of the first millennium BCE, cylindrical
stone seals, pierced down the centre, were fitted with a stick and rolled over wet clay so that a continuous picture
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