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Page 1 B i o l o g y Introduction Biology explains the living world using scientific principles. Biology includes both plants & animals. Father of Biology: Aristotle Microscope invention (17th century) ³ birth of Cytology (study of cells). Studies: structure, function, organization, evolution, interactions of living beings. Modern biology = vast field with many branches. Cell = fundamental unit of life. Genes = units of heredity; drive synthesis & formation of new species. Term "Biology" coined by: Lamarck & Treviranus (1802). At sub-atomic level, living & non-living matter follow same physical & chemical laws. Branches of Biology I. Basic Biology Studies basic principles of life ³ structure & functions of organisms. Includes: Botany Study of plants. Father of Botany: Theophrastus Documented ~500 plants in Historia Plantarum. Zoology Study of animals. Father of Zoology & Embryology: Aristotle Described ~500 animals in Historia Animalium. Microbiology Study of microorganisms. Bacteriology 3 bacteria Virology 3 viruses Branches of Botany Branches of Zoology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II. Applied Biology Applies biological knowledge for human welfare. Agriculture Crop cultivation, soil management, animal rearing. Medical Science Study of human health, diseases, causes, prevention & treatment. Veterinary Science Study of animals & their health. Pharmacy Study and production of medicines. Father of Medicine: Hippocrates Misuse of Biology Amniocentesis Detects fetal abnormalities. Also reveals fetal sex ³ led to increased female foeticide in India. Bioweapons Antibiotic-resistant microbes used for bioterrorism. Can cause diseases, infertility, or large-scale harm. Characteristics of Living Beings Cellular Structure Cell = structural & functional unit of life. Non-living things lack cellular organization. Metabolism All chemical reactions in organisms. Nutrition Intake of food for energy, growth, and repair. Essential for maintaining life processes. Growth & Development Starts from a single cell ³ tissues ³ organs ³ organism. Growth in living beings is internal & biological (unlike non-living growth). Reproduction Produces new individuals to ensure species continuity. Sensitivity (Irritability) Ability to sense and respond to stimuli. Detects heat, cold, pain, touch, etc. Adaptation Ability to adjust to environment. Metabolism Anabolism (Constructive) Builds complex substances. Examples: Protein synthesis Photosynthesis (glucose formation) Catabolism (Destructive) Breaks complex molecules ³ releases energy. Example: Breakdown of starch ³ glucose ³ CO¢ + H¢O + energy Examples of Characteristics Plant Anatomy Plant Physiology Plant Taxonomy Plant Pathology Ecology Genetics Palaeobotany Ethnobotany Anatomy Physiology Taxonomy Embryology Genetics Ecology Evolution Entomology (insects) Ichthyology (fishes) Ornithology (birds) Reproduction Plants form seeds Mammals give birth Adaptation Fish ³ adapted for water Frogs ³ adapted for land & water (amphibious)Read More
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FAQs on Infographics: Introduction - General Awareness for SSC CGL
| 1. What is the SSC CGL exam? |  |
Ans. The SSC CGL (Staff Selection Commission Combined Graduate Level) exam is a competitive examination conducted in India to recruit candidates for various posts in the government sector. It assesses candidates on their knowledge, skills, and ability in areas such as reasoning, quantitative aptitude, English comprehension, and general awareness.
| 2. What are the eligibility criteria for the SSC CGL exam? | |
Ans. The eligibility criteria for the SSC CGL exam typically include a minimum educational qualification of a bachelor's degree from a recognised university. Candidates are also required to meet specific age limits, which may vary depending on the post they are applying for. Additionally, candidates must be Indian citizens or subjects of Nepal or Bhutan.
| 3. What is the exam pattern of the SSC CGL? | |
Ans. The exam pattern of SSC CGL consists of multiple tiers. It usually includes Tier-I, which is a computer-based test consisting of objective-type questions, and Tier-II, which also consists of objective-type questions but is more focused on quantitative and English skills. There may also be a Tier-III, which is a descriptive paper, and a Tier-IV, which involves skill tests depending on the post.
| 4. How can candidates prepare effectively for the SSC CGL exam? | |
Ans. Candidates can prepare effectively for the SSC CGL exam by creating a structured study plan that covers all subjects specified in the syllabus. Regular practice through mock tests and previous years' question papers can help in familiarising oneself with the exam format. Additionally, focusing on time management and strengthening weak areas through targeted study can enhance overall performance.
| 5. What is the significance of the SSC CGL exam for job seekers? | |
Ans. The SSC CGL exam holds significant importance for job seekers as it opens avenues for various government job opportunities in ministries, departments, and organisations under the Government of India. Successful candidates gain access to stable positions with benefits, job security, and opportunities for career growth within the public sector.
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