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APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
Dr.M. Thenmozhi
Professor
Department of Management Studies
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai  600 036
E-mail: mtm@iitm.ac.in
Page 2


APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
Dr.M. Thenmozhi
Professor
Department of Management Studies
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai  600 036
E-mail: mtm@iitm.ac.in
APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
1)  Empirical Approach
2)  Human Behaviour Approach
3)  Social System Approach
4)  Decision Theory Approach
5)  Mathematical Approach
6)  Socio-Technical Systems Approach
7)  Systems Approach
8)  Contingency Approach
9)  Operational Approach
Page 3


APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
Dr.M. Thenmozhi
Professor
Department of Management Studies
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai  600 036
E-mail: mtm@iitm.ac.in
APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
1)  Empirical Approach
2)  Human Behaviour Approach
3)  Social System Approach
4)  Decision Theory Approach
5)  Mathematical Approach
6)  Socio-Technical Systems Approach
7)  Systems Approach
8)  Contingency Approach
9)  Operational Approach
REASONS & PROBLEMS
1)  Semantic problems in management literature.
2)  Contributions from different disciplines.
3)  Misunderstanding of principles.
Page 4


APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
Dr.M. Thenmozhi
Professor
Department of Management Studies
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai  600 036
E-mail: mtm@iitm.ac.in
APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
1)  Empirical Approach
2)  Human Behaviour Approach
3)  Social System Approach
4)  Decision Theory Approach
5)  Mathematical Approach
6)  Socio-Technical Systems Approach
7)  Systems Approach
8)  Contingency Approach
9)  Operational Approach
REASONS & PROBLEMS
1)  Semantic problems in management literature.
2)  Contributions from different disciplines.
3)  Misunderstanding of principles.
EMPIRICAL APPROACH
• Study of managerial experiences and cases(mgt) 
• Contributors: Earnest Dale, Mooney & Reiley, urwick.
• Features 
– Study of Managerial Experiences
– Managerial experience passed from participationer to students 
for continuity in knowledge management.
– Study of Successful & failure cases help practicising
managers.
– Theoretical research combined with practical experiences.
• Uses
– Learning through experience of others
• Limitations
– No Contribution for the development of   management as a 
discipline
– Situations of past not the same as present.
Page 5


APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
Dr.M. Thenmozhi
Professor
Department of Management Studies
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai  600 036
E-mail: mtm@iitm.ac.in
APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT
1)  Empirical Approach
2)  Human Behaviour Approach
3)  Social System Approach
4)  Decision Theory Approach
5)  Mathematical Approach
6)  Socio-Technical Systems Approach
7)  Systems Approach
8)  Contingency Approach
9)  Operational Approach
REASONS & PROBLEMS
1)  Semantic problems in management literature.
2)  Contributions from different disciplines.
3)  Misunderstanding of principles.
EMPIRICAL APPROACH
• Study of managerial experiences and cases(mgt) 
• Contributors: Earnest Dale, Mooney & Reiley, urwick.
• Features 
– Study of Managerial Experiences
– Managerial experience passed from participationer to students 
for continuity in knowledge management.
– Study of Successful & failure cases help practicising
managers.
– Theoretical research combined with practical experiences.
• Uses
– Learning through experience of others
• Limitations
– No Contribution for the development of   management as a 
discipline
– Situations of past not the same as present.
HUMAN BEHAVIOUR APPROACH
• Organisation as people
– a) Interpersonal Behaviour Approach - Individual Psychology
– b) Group Behaviour Approach - Organisation Behaviour
• Features
– Draws heavily from psychology & sociology.
– Understand human relations.
– Emphasis on greater productivity through motivation             
& good human relations
– Motivation, leadership, participative management &              
group dynamics are core of this approach.
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FAQs on Lecture 1.3 - Approaches to Management - Management Science by NPTEL - Business Basics

1. What are the different approaches to management?
Ans. The different approaches to management include the classical approach, behavioral approach, quantitative approach, and modern approach. The classical approach focuses on increasing efficiency through scientific management principles, while the behavioral approach emphasizes understanding human behavior and motivation in the workplace. The quantitative approach utilizes mathematical models and data analysis to make management decisions, and the modern approach incorporates elements from various approaches to adapt to the changing business environment.
2. What is the classical approach to management?
Ans. The classical approach to management is based on the principles of scientific management and administrative management. Scientific management, developed by Frederick Taylor, aims to increase productivity by studying and optimizing work processes. Administrative management, pioneered by Henri Fayol, focuses on the principles of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling to achieve organizational goals.
3. How does the behavioral approach to management differ from the classical approach?
Ans. The behavioral approach to management differs from the classical approach by placing more emphasis on understanding and motivating employees. Unlike the classical approach, which focuses on optimizing work processes, the behavioral approach recognizes the importance of human behavior and its impact on organizational outcomes. It emphasizes factors such as employee motivation, leadership styles, group dynamics, and employee satisfaction.
4. What is the modern approach to management?
Ans. The modern approach to management is a flexible and adaptive approach that incorporates elements from various management approaches. It recognizes the dynamic and complex nature of the business environment and seeks to respond to changes effectively. The modern approach emphasizes continuous learning, innovation, and the use of technology to improve organizational performance. It integrates concepts from the classical, behavioral, and quantitative approaches to management.
5. How does the quantitative approach to management contribute to decision-making?
Ans. The quantitative approach to management contributes to decision-making by using mathematical models, statistical analysis, and data-driven techniques. It helps managers make informed decisions by providing quantitative information and insights. For example, techniques such as forecasting, optimization, and simulation can be used to analyze data, predict future trends, identify patterns, and optimize resource allocation. The quantitative approach allows for more objective and evidence-based decision-making in complex business situations.
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