Lecture 3 - Photosynthesis I | Plant Metabolism - Botany PDF Download

 Page 1


                    Photosynthesis I  
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “ National Mission 
on Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Metabolism 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Photosynthesis I 
Lesson Developer: Dr  Basudha Sharma 
MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Girish Mishra, Department of Botany, 
University of Delhi 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page 2


                    Photosynthesis I  
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “ National Mission 
on Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Metabolism 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Photosynthesis I 
Lesson Developer: Dr  Basudha Sharma 
MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Girish Mishra, Department of Botany, 
University of Delhi 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
Chapter: Photosynthesis I 
Table of contents  
• Introduction 
• History/Photosynthesis as we know today 
• Photosynthetic apparatus 
• Chloroplast 
• Photosynthetic pigment 
• Light and its role in photosynthesis 
• Modern view of light  
• Electromagnetic spectrum 
• Interaction of light energy and matter 
• Absorption and action spectrum 
• Photosynthetic unit (Quantasomes) 
• Photosynthesis is a redox chemical reaction 
• Photosystems/Two pigment system 
• Mechanism of photosynthesis 
• Light capturing events 
• Light dependent reactions 
? Water splitting mechanism 
? Electron transport system 
? Q cycle 
? Photosynthetic phosphorylation 
? Cyclic and non cyclic phosphorylation 
• Light independent reactions 
• Summary 
• Exercise/ Practice 
• Glossary 
• References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
Page 3


                    Photosynthesis I  
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “ National Mission 
on Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Metabolism 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Photosynthesis I 
Lesson Developer: Dr  Basudha Sharma 
MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Girish Mishra, Department of Botany, 
University of Delhi 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
Chapter: Photosynthesis I 
Table of contents  
• Introduction 
• History/Photosynthesis as we know today 
• Photosynthetic apparatus 
• Chloroplast 
• Photosynthetic pigment 
• Light and its role in photosynthesis 
• Modern view of light  
• Electromagnetic spectrum 
• Interaction of light energy and matter 
• Absorption and action spectrum 
• Photosynthetic unit (Quantasomes) 
• Photosynthesis is a redox chemical reaction 
• Photosystems/Two pigment system 
• Mechanism of photosynthesis 
• Light capturing events 
• Light dependent reactions 
? Water splitting mechanism 
? Electron transport system 
? Q cycle 
? Photosynthetic phosphorylation 
? Cyclic and non cyclic phosphorylation 
• Light independent reactions 
• Summary 
• Exercise/ Practice 
• Glossary 
• References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
Learning outcomes: 
After reading this lesson you should be able to: 
• Understand the importance of photosynthesis. 
• Know the historical aspects and important experiments associated with modern 
ideas of photosynthesis. 
• Become familiar with structure of chloroplast and the pigments associated with 
photosynthesis. 
• Understand the concept of wave and particle nature of light.  
• How absorption and wavelength of light are correlated with each other 
• Describe photosynthetic unit. 
• Explain the two photosystems or pigment system in relation to photosynthesis. 
• Explain how energy is absorbed by pigments and transferred to reaction center. 
• Explain Z scheme diagram of photosynthesis/light dependent reaction. 
• Know the location of Q cycle and its importance in creating a proton gradient. 
• Explain what is photophosporylation. 
• Compare cylic and noncylic photophosporylation. 
 
 
 
Page 4


                    Photosynthesis I  
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “ National Mission 
on Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Metabolism 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Photosynthesis I 
Lesson Developer: Dr  Basudha Sharma 
MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Girish Mishra, Department of Botany, 
University of Delhi 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
Chapter: Photosynthesis I 
Table of contents  
• Introduction 
• History/Photosynthesis as we know today 
• Photosynthetic apparatus 
• Chloroplast 
• Photosynthetic pigment 
• Light and its role in photosynthesis 
• Modern view of light  
• Electromagnetic spectrum 
• Interaction of light energy and matter 
• Absorption and action spectrum 
• Photosynthetic unit (Quantasomes) 
• Photosynthesis is a redox chemical reaction 
• Photosystems/Two pigment system 
• Mechanism of photosynthesis 
• Light capturing events 
• Light dependent reactions 
? Water splitting mechanism 
? Electron transport system 
? Q cycle 
? Photosynthetic phosphorylation 
? Cyclic and non cyclic phosphorylation 
• Light independent reactions 
• Summary 
• Exercise/ Practice 
• Glossary 
• References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
Learning outcomes: 
After reading this lesson you should be able to: 
• Understand the importance of photosynthesis. 
• Know the historical aspects and important experiments associated with modern 
ideas of photosynthesis. 
• Become familiar with structure of chloroplast and the pigments associated with 
photosynthesis. 
• Understand the concept of wave and particle nature of light.  
• How absorption and wavelength of light are correlated with each other 
• Describe photosynthetic unit. 
• Explain the two photosystems or pigment system in relation to photosynthesis. 
• Explain how energy is absorbed by pigments and transferred to reaction center. 
• Explain Z scheme diagram of photosynthesis/light dependent reaction. 
• Know the location of Q cycle and its importance in creating a proton gradient. 
• Explain what is photophosporylation. 
• Compare cylic and noncylic photophosporylation. 
 
 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
Introduction 
Photosynthesis is a process by which living organisms synthesize organic compounds 
(sugars) using carbon dioxide (CO
2
) water and solar energy.  
 
Figure: Chemical equation for photosynthesis. 
Source: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth103/node/693 (CC) 
Energy stored in these organic compounds serves as source of energy for different 
cellular processes.  Photosynthesis not only results in the formation of energy rich 
organic molecules but also converts carbon dioxide into oxygen, which is required for the 
sustenance of life.  Different forms of fuel such as coal, natural gas, petroleum are 
derived indirectly from plants.  The process of photosynthesis occurs in autotrophs, in 
the green plants, algae and few prokaryotes in presence of light, water and 
carbondioxide. 
 
Page 5


                    Photosynthesis I  
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi 
 
 
 
 
Lesson Prepared Under MHRD project “ National Mission 
on Education Through ICT” 
 
Discipline: Botany 
Paper: Plant Metabolism 
National Coordinator: Prof. S.C. Bhatla 
 
Lesson: Photosynthesis I 
Lesson Developer: Dr  Basudha Sharma 
MM (PG) College,Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 
 
Lesson Reviewer: Dr Girish Mishra, Department of Botany, 
University of Delhi 
 
Language Editor: Namrata Dhaka 
Department/College: Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, 
South Campus 
 
Lesson Editor: Dr Rama Sisodia, Fellow in Botany ILLL 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
Chapter: Photosynthesis I 
Table of contents  
• Introduction 
• History/Photosynthesis as we know today 
• Photosynthetic apparatus 
• Chloroplast 
• Photosynthetic pigment 
• Light and its role in photosynthesis 
• Modern view of light  
• Electromagnetic spectrum 
• Interaction of light energy and matter 
• Absorption and action spectrum 
• Photosynthetic unit (Quantasomes) 
• Photosynthesis is a redox chemical reaction 
• Photosystems/Two pigment system 
• Mechanism of photosynthesis 
• Light capturing events 
• Light dependent reactions 
? Water splitting mechanism 
? Electron transport system 
? Q cycle 
? Photosynthetic phosphorylation 
? Cyclic and non cyclic phosphorylation 
• Light independent reactions 
• Summary 
• Exercise/ Practice 
• Glossary 
• References/ Bibliography/ Further Reading 
 
 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
Learning outcomes: 
After reading this lesson you should be able to: 
• Understand the importance of photosynthesis. 
• Know the historical aspects and important experiments associated with modern 
ideas of photosynthesis. 
• Become familiar with structure of chloroplast and the pigments associated with 
photosynthesis. 
• Understand the concept of wave and particle nature of light.  
• How absorption and wavelength of light are correlated with each other 
• Describe photosynthetic unit. 
• Explain the two photosystems or pigment system in relation to photosynthesis. 
• Explain how energy is absorbed by pigments and transferred to reaction center. 
• Explain Z scheme diagram of photosynthesis/light dependent reaction. 
• Know the location of Q cycle and its importance in creating a proton gradient. 
• Explain what is photophosporylation. 
• Compare cylic and noncylic photophosporylation. 
 
 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
Introduction 
Photosynthesis is a process by which living organisms synthesize organic compounds 
(sugars) using carbon dioxide (CO
2
) water and solar energy.  
 
Figure: Chemical equation for photosynthesis. 
Source: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth103/node/693 (CC) 
Energy stored in these organic compounds serves as source of energy for different 
cellular processes.  Photosynthesis not only results in the formation of energy rich 
organic molecules but also converts carbon dioxide into oxygen, which is required for the 
sustenance of life.  Different forms of fuel such as coal, natural gas, petroleum are 
derived indirectly from plants.  The process of photosynthesis occurs in autotrophs, in 
the green plants, algae and few prokaryotes in presence of light, water and 
carbondioxide. 
 
                Photosynthesis I  
 
 
Institute of Lifelong Learning, University of Delhi                                                     
 
Figure: This figure illustrates in a schematic way what goes on in a leaf through the 
processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis is the combination of carbon 
dioxide and water, with light energy, to create carbohydrates and releasing oxygen to 
the atmosphere as a by-product. In a reverse reaction the carbohydrates are used 
during respiration, to produce energy that the plant needs to grow. During respiration, 
carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere, but this is nearlyhalf of what is 
taken up from the atmosphere duringphotosynthesis. Similarly, more oxygen is given off 
during photosynthesis than is used up in respiration. 
Source:https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth103/node/693(CC) 
 
History/Photosynthesis as we know today 
Photosynthesis as we know today is a contribution of many scientists as listed in the 
table ahead.