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1. What is chemical equilibrium?
Ans. Chemical equilibrium refers to the state in which the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction, resulting in no further changes in the concentrations of reactants and products. It is a dynamic state where the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time, although the reactions are still occurring.
2. How is chemical equilibrium achieved?
Ans. Chemical equilibrium is achieved when the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. This can be achieved by altering the temperature, pressure, or concentration of reactants and products. By changing these factors, the equilibrium position can be shifted either towards the reactants or the products, depending on the conditions.
3. What are the factors that affect chemical equilibrium?
Ans. Several factors can affect chemical equilibrium. These include temperature, pressure, concentration of reactants and products, and the presence of catalysts. Changes in these factors can shift the equilibrium position by favoring either the forward or the reverse reaction.
4. How does temperature affect chemical equilibrium?
Ans. Temperature has a significant impact on chemical equilibrium. Increasing the temperature usually favors the endothermic reaction (absorbing heat), while decreasing the temperature favors the exothermic reaction (releasing heat). This means that an increase in temperature can shift the equilibrium towards the products, while a decrease can shift it towards the reactants.
5. What is Le Chatelier's principle?
Ans. Le Chatelier's principle states that if a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in temperature, pressure, or concentration, it will respond by shifting the equilibrium position to counteract the change. For example, if the concentration of reactants is increased, the system will respond by favoring the forward reaction to consume the additional reactants and restore equilibrium.
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