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1. What is chemical kinetics?
Ans. Chemical kinetics is the branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the rates of chemical reactions and the factors that influence these rates. It involves analyzing the speed at which reactants are converted to products and understanding the underlying mechanisms of the reaction.
2. What are the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Ans. Several factors can influence the rate of a chemical reaction, including temperature, concentration of reactants, presence of catalysts, surface area, and pressure (for gaseous reactions). These factors can either increase or decrease the rate of the reaction by affecting the frequency of collisions between reactant particles and their energy.
3. How does temperature affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Ans. Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the rate of a chemical reaction. Increasing the temperature generally increases the rate of the reaction because it provides more energy to the reactant particles, allowing them to move faster and collide more frequently. This results in a higher chance of successful collisions and faster reaction rates.
4. What is a catalyst and how does it affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Ans. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. It works by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, allowing the reaction to proceed more readily. Catalysts can speed up reactions by increasing the frequency of effective collisions or by stabilizing reaction intermediates.
5. How can the rate of a chemical reaction be determined experimentally?
Ans. The rate of a chemical reaction can be determined experimentally by measuring the change in concentration of a reactant or product over time. This can be done by monitoring the color change, pH change, or using techniques such as spectrophotometry or chromatography. The initial rate of the reaction can also be obtained by measuring the slope of the tangent to the concentration-time curve at the beginning of the reaction.
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