Page 1
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 1
UNIVERSITY SYLLABUS
PART - A
UNIT – 1 DEVELOPMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Network structure, Network
services, terminology, Regulation, Standards. Introduction to telecommunications transmission,
Power levels, Four wire circuits, Digital transmission, FDM, TDM, PDH and SDH,
Transmission performance.
8 Hours
UNIT – 2 EVOLUTION OF SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Message switching,
Circuit switching, Functions of switching systems, Distribution systems, Basics of crossbar
systems, Electronic switching, Digital switching systems.
4 Hours
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Fundamentals : Purpose of analysis, Basic central office
linkages, Outside plant versus inside plant, Switching system hierarchy, Evolution of digital
switching systems, Stored program control switching systems, Digital switching system
fundamentals, Building blocks of a digital switching system, Basic call processing.
4 Hours
UNIT – 3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC: Introduction, Unit of traffic, Congestion,
Traffic measurement, Mathematical model, lost call systems, Queuing systems.
6 Hours
UNIT – 4 SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Single stage networks, Grading, Link
Systems, GOS of Linked systems.
6 Hours
PART - B
UNIT – 5 TIME DIVISION SWITCHING: Introduction, space and time switching, Time
switching networks, Synchronization.
4 Hours
UNIT – 6 SWITCHING SYSTEM SOFTWARE: Introduction, Scope, Basic software
architecture, Operating systems, Database Management, Concept of generic program, Software
Page 2
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 1
UNIVERSITY SYLLABUS
PART - A
UNIT – 1 DEVELOPMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Network structure, Network
services, terminology, Regulation, Standards. Introduction to telecommunications transmission,
Power levels, Four wire circuits, Digital transmission, FDM, TDM, PDH and SDH,
Transmission performance.
8 Hours
UNIT – 2 EVOLUTION OF SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Message switching,
Circuit switching, Functions of switching systems, Distribution systems, Basics of crossbar
systems, Electronic switching, Digital switching systems.
4 Hours
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Fundamentals : Purpose of analysis, Basic central office
linkages, Outside plant versus inside plant, Switching system hierarchy, Evolution of digital
switching systems, Stored program control switching systems, Digital switching system
fundamentals, Building blocks of a digital switching system, Basic call processing.
4 Hours
UNIT – 3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC: Introduction, Unit of traffic, Congestion,
Traffic measurement, Mathematical model, lost call systems, Queuing systems.
6 Hours
UNIT – 4 SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Single stage networks, Grading, Link
Systems, GOS of Linked systems.
6 Hours
PART - B
UNIT – 5 TIME DIVISION SWITCHING: Introduction, space and time switching, Time
switching networks, Synchronization.
4 Hours
UNIT – 6 SWITCHING SYSTEM SOFTWARE: Introduction, Scope, Basic software
architecture, Operating systems, Database Management, Concept of generic program, Software
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 2
architecture for level 1 control, Software architecture for level 2 control, Software architecture
for level 3 control, Digital switching system software classification, Call models, Connect
sequence, Software linkages during call, Call features, Feature flow diagram, Feature interaction.
6 Hours
UNIT – 7 MAINTENANCE OF DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM: Introduction, Scope,
Software maintenance, Interface of a typical digital switching system central office, System
outage and its impact on digital switching system reliability, Impact of software patches on
digital switching system maintainability, Embedded patcher concept, Growth of digital switching
system central office, Generic program upgrade, A methodology for proper maintenance of
digital switching system, Effect of firmware deployment on digital switching system, Firmware-
software coupling, Switching system maintainability metrics, Upgrade process success rate,
Number of patches applied per year, Diagnostic resolution rate, Reported critical and major
faults corrected, A strategy improving software quality, Program for software process
improvement, Software processes improvement, Software processes, Metrics, Defect analysis,
Defect analysis.
8 Hours
UNIT – 8 A GENERIC DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM MODEL: Introduction, Scope,
Hardware architecture, Software architecture, Recovery strategy, Simple call through a digital
system, Common characteristics of digital switching systems. Analysis report. Reliability
analysis.
6 Hours
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Telecommunication and Switching, Traffic and Networks - J E Flood: Pearson
Education, 2002.
2. Digital Switching Systems, Syed R. Ali, TMH Ed 2002.
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Digital Telephony - John C Bellamy: Wiley India 3
rd
Ed, 2000.
Page 3
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 1
UNIVERSITY SYLLABUS
PART - A
UNIT – 1 DEVELOPMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Network structure, Network
services, terminology, Regulation, Standards. Introduction to telecommunications transmission,
Power levels, Four wire circuits, Digital transmission, FDM, TDM, PDH and SDH,
Transmission performance.
8 Hours
UNIT – 2 EVOLUTION OF SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Message switching,
Circuit switching, Functions of switching systems, Distribution systems, Basics of crossbar
systems, Electronic switching, Digital switching systems.
4 Hours
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Fundamentals : Purpose of analysis, Basic central office
linkages, Outside plant versus inside plant, Switching system hierarchy, Evolution of digital
switching systems, Stored program control switching systems, Digital switching system
fundamentals, Building blocks of a digital switching system, Basic call processing.
4 Hours
UNIT – 3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC: Introduction, Unit of traffic, Congestion,
Traffic measurement, Mathematical model, lost call systems, Queuing systems.
6 Hours
UNIT – 4 SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Single stage networks, Grading, Link
Systems, GOS of Linked systems.
6 Hours
PART - B
UNIT – 5 TIME DIVISION SWITCHING: Introduction, space and time switching, Time
switching networks, Synchronization.
4 Hours
UNIT – 6 SWITCHING SYSTEM SOFTWARE: Introduction, Scope, Basic software
architecture, Operating systems, Database Management, Concept of generic program, Software
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 2
architecture for level 1 control, Software architecture for level 2 control, Software architecture
for level 3 control, Digital switching system software classification, Call models, Connect
sequence, Software linkages during call, Call features, Feature flow diagram, Feature interaction.
6 Hours
UNIT – 7 MAINTENANCE OF DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM: Introduction, Scope,
Software maintenance, Interface of a typical digital switching system central office, System
outage and its impact on digital switching system reliability, Impact of software patches on
digital switching system maintainability, Embedded patcher concept, Growth of digital switching
system central office, Generic program upgrade, A methodology for proper maintenance of
digital switching system, Effect of firmware deployment on digital switching system, Firmware-
software coupling, Switching system maintainability metrics, Upgrade process success rate,
Number of patches applied per year, Diagnostic resolution rate, Reported critical and major
faults corrected, A strategy improving software quality, Program for software process
improvement, Software processes improvement, Software processes, Metrics, Defect analysis,
Defect analysis.
8 Hours
UNIT – 8 A GENERIC DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM MODEL: Introduction, Scope,
Hardware architecture, Software architecture, Recovery strategy, Simple call through a digital
system, Common characteristics of digital switching systems. Analysis report. Reliability
analysis.
6 Hours
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Telecommunication and Switching, Traffic and Networks - J E Flood: Pearson
Education, 2002.
2. Digital Switching Systems, Syed R. Ali, TMH Ed 2002.
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Digital Telephony - John C Bellamy: Wiley India 3
rd
Ed, 2000.
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 3
INDEX SHEET
SL.NO TOPIC
PAGE
NO.
PART – A
UNIT 1: DEVELOPMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
1. Network structure, Network services 6-17
2. terminology, Regulation, Standards 17-18
3. Power levels, Four wire circuits 18-21
4. Digital transmission, FDM ,TDM, PDH and SDH 21-25
UNIT 2: EVOLUTION OF SWITCHING SYSTEMS:
1 Introduction, 26
2 Message switching 28
3 Circuit switching 29
4 Functions of switching systems 29-30
5 Distribution systems: Electronic switching 30-31
6 Digital switching systems 31-32
7 Basics of crossbar systems 32-38
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS
1. Fundamentals : Purpose of analysis 38
2. Basic central office linkages 39-40
3. Outside plant versus inside plant 41
4. Switching system hierarchy 41-43
5. Evolution of digital switching systems 43
6. Stored program control switching systems 43-44
7. switching system fundamentals 44-46
8. Building blocks of a digital switching system 46-50
9. Basic call processing 50-53
UNIT 3: TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC:
1. Introduction 53
2. Unit of traffic 54-55
3. Congestion 56
4. Traffic measurement 56
5. Mathematical model 57-61
6. lost call systems 61
7. Queuing systems 62-65
8. problems 65-68
UNIT 4: SWITCHING SYSTEMS:
1. Introduction 68
2. Single stage networks 69
Page 4
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 1
UNIVERSITY SYLLABUS
PART - A
UNIT – 1 DEVELOPMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Network structure, Network
services, terminology, Regulation, Standards. Introduction to telecommunications transmission,
Power levels, Four wire circuits, Digital transmission, FDM, TDM, PDH and SDH,
Transmission performance.
8 Hours
UNIT – 2 EVOLUTION OF SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Message switching,
Circuit switching, Functions of switching systems, Distribution systems, Basics of crossbar
systems, Electronic switching, Digital switching systems.
4 Hours
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Fundamentals : Purpose of analysis, Basic central office
linkages, Outside plant versus inside plant, Switching system hierarchy, Evolution of digital
switching systems, Stored program control switching systems, Digital switching system
fundamentals, Building blocks of a digital switching system, Basic call processing.
4 Hours
UNIT – 3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC: Introduction, Unit of traffic, Congestion,
Traffic measurement, Mathematical model, lost call systems, Queuing systems.
6 Hours
UNIT – 4 SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Single stage networks, Grading, Link
Systems, GOS of Linked systems.
6 Hours
PART - B
UNIT – 5 TIME DIVISION SWITCHING: Introduction, space and time switching, Time
switching networks, Synchronization.
4 Hours
UNIT – 6 SWITCHING SYSTEM SOFTWARE: Introduction, Scope, Basic software
architecture, Operating systems, Database Management, Concept of generic program, Software
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 2
architecture for level 1 control, Software architecture for level 2 control, Software architecture
for level 3 control, Digital switching system software classification, Call models, Connect
sequence, Software linkages during call, Call features, Feature flow diagram, Feature interaction.
6 Hours
UNIT – 7 MAINTENANCE OF DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM: Introduction, Scope,
Software maintenance, Interface of a typical digital switching system central office, System
outage and its impact on digital switching system reliability, Impact of software patches on
digital switching system maintainability, Embedded patcher concept, Growth of digital switching
system central office, Generic program upgrade, A methodology for proper maintenance of
digital switching system, Effect of firmware deployment on digital switching system, Firmware-
software coupling, Switching system maintainability metrics, Upgrade process success rate,
Number of patches applied per year, Diagnostic resolution rate, Reported critical and major
faults corrected, A strategy improving software quality, Program for software process
improvement, Software processes improvement, Software processes, Metrics, Defect analysis,
Defect analysis.
8 Hours
UNIT – 8 A GENERIC DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM MODEL: Introduction, Scope,
Hardware architecture, Software architecture, Recovery strategy, Simple call through a digital
system, Common characteristics of digital switching systems. Analysis report. Reliability
analysis.
6 Hours
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Telecommunication and Switching, Traffic and Networks - J E Flood: Pearson
Education, 2002.
2. Digital Switching Systems, Syed R. Ali, TMH Ed 2002.
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Digital Telephony - John C Bellamy: Wiley India 3
rd
Ed, 2000.
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 3
INDEX SHEET
SL.NO TOPIC
PAGE
NO.
PART – A
UNIT 1: DEVELOPMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
1. Network structure, Network services 6-17
2. terminology, Regulation, Standards 17-18
3. Power levels, Four wire circuits 18-21
4. Digital transmission, FDM ,TDM, PDH and SDH 21-25
UNIT 2: EVOLUTION OF SWITCHING SYSTEMS:
1 Introduction, 26
2 Message switching 28
3 Circuit switching 29
4 Functions of switching systems 29-30
5 Distribution systems: Electronic switching 30-31
6 Digital switching systems 31-32
7 Basics of crossbar systems 32-38
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS
1. Fundamentals : Purpose of analysis 38
2. Basic central office linkages 39-40
3. Outside plant versus inside plant 41
4. Switching system hierarchy 41-43
5. Evolution of digital switching systems 43
6. Stored program control switching systems 43-44
7. switching system fundamentals 44-46
8. Building blocks of a digital switching system 46-50
9. Basic call processing 50-53
UNIT 3: TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC:
1. Introduction 53
2. Unit of traffic 54-55
3. Congestion 56
4. Traffic measurement 56
5. Mathematical model 57-61
6. lost call systems 61
7. Queuing systems 62-65
8. problems 65-68
UNIT 4: SWITCHING SYSTEMS:
1. Introduction 68
2. Single stage networks 69
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 4
3. Grading 69-73
4. Link Systems 73-81
5. GOS of Linked systems 81-82
PART – B :
UNIT 5: TIME DIVISION SWITCHING
1. Introduction, 82
2. space and time switching 83-85
3. Time switching networks 85-88
4. Synchronization 88-90
UNIT 6: SWITCHING SYSTEM SOFTWARE:
1. Introduction 91
2. Scope 91
3. Basic software architecture 91-92
4. Operating systems 92-94
5. Database Management 94
6. Concept of generic program 94-95
7. Software architecture for level 1 control 95-96
8. Software architecture for level 2 control 96-97
9. Software architecture for level 3 control 97
10. Digital switching system software classification 98-102
11. Call models 102
12. Connect sequence 102-104
13. Software linkages during call 104-105
14. Call features 105-106
15. Feature flow diagram 106-107
16. Feature interaction 107
UNIT 7: MAINTENANCE OF DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM:
1. Introduction 108
2. Scope 108
3. Software maintenance 108-109
4. Interface of a typical digital switching system central office 109-111
5. System outage and its impact on digital switching system reliability 111-112
6. Impact of software patches on digital switching system maintainability 112-113
7. Embedded patcher concept 113
8. Growth of digital switching system central office 113
9. Generic program upgrade 114
10. A methodology for proper maintenance of digital switching system 114-115
11. Effect of firmware deployment on digital switching system 116
12. Firmware-software coupling 116-117
13. Switching system maintainability metrics 117
Page 5
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 1
UNIVERSITY SYLLABUS
PART - A
UNIT – 1 DEVELOPMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS, Network structure, Network
services, terminology, Regulation, Standards. Introduction to telecommunications transmission,
Power levels, Four wire circuits, Digital transmission, FDM, TDM, PDH and SDH,
Transmission performance.
8 Hours
UNIT – 2 EVOLUTION OF SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Message switching,
Circuit switching, Functions of switching systems, Distribution systems, Basics of crossbar
systems, Electronic switching, Digital switching systems.
4 Hours
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Fundamentals : Purpose of analysis, Basic central office
linkages, Outside plant versus inside plant, Switching system hierarchy, Evolution of digital
switching systems, Stored program control switching systems, Digital switching system
fundamentals, Building blocks of a digital switching system, Basic call processing.
4 Hours
UNIT – 3 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC: Introduction, Unit of traffic, Congestion,
Traffic measurement, Mathematical model, lost call systems, Queuing systems.
6 Hours
UNIT – 4 SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Introduction, Single stage networks, Grading, Link
Systems, GOS of Linked systems.
6 Hours
PART - B
UNIT – 5 TIME DIVISION SWITCHING: Introduction, space and time switching, Time
switching networks, Synchronization.
4 Hours
UNIT – 6 SWITCHING SYSTEM SOFTWARE: Introduction, Scope, Basic software
architecture, Operating systems, Database Management, Concept of generic program, Software
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 2
architecture for level 1 control, Software architecture for level 2 control, Software architecture
for level 3 control, Digital switching system software classification, Call models, Connect
sequence, Software linkages during call, Call features, Feature flow diagram, Feature interaction.
6 Hours
UNIT – 7 MAINTENANCE OF DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM: Introduction, Scope,
Software maintenance, Interface of a typical digital switching system central office, System
outage and its impact on digital switching system reliability, Impact of software patches on
digital switching system maintainability, Embedded patcher concept, Growth of digital switching
system central office, Generic program upgrade, A methodology for proper maintenance of
digital switching system, Effect of firmware deployment on digital switching system, Firmware-
software coupling, Switching system maintainability metrics, Upgrade process success rate,
Number of patches applied per year, Diagnostic resolution rate, Reported critical and major
faults corrected, A strategy improving software quality, Program for software process
improvement, Software processes improvement, Software processes, Metrics, Defect analysis,
Defect analysis.
8 Hours
UNIT – 8 A GENERIC DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM MODEL: Introduction, Scope,
Hardware architecture, Software architecture, Recovery strategy, Simple call through a digital
system, Common characteristics of digital switching systems. Analysis report. Reliability
analysis.
6 Hours
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Telecommunication and Switching, Traffic and Networks - J E Flood: Pearson
Education, 2002.
2. Digital Switching Systems, Syed R. Ali, TMH Ed 2002.
REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Digital Telephony - John C Bellamy: Wiley India 3
rd
Ed, 2000.
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 3
INDEX SHEET
SL.NO TOPIC
PAGE
NO.
PART – A
UNIT 1: DEVELOPMENTS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS:
1. Network structure, Network services 6-17
2. terminology, Regulation, Standards 17-18
3. Power levels, Four wire circuits 18-21
4. Digital transmission, FDM ,TDM, PDH and SDH 21-25
UNIT 2: EVOLUTION OF SWITCHING SYSTEMS:
1 Introduction, 26
2 Message switching 28
3 Circuit switching 29
4 Functions of switching systems 29-30
5 Distribution systems: Electronic switching 30-31
6 Digital switching systems 31-32
7 Basics of crossbar systems 32-38
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS
1. Fundamentals : Purpose of analysis 38
2. Basic central office linkages 39-40
3. Outside plant versus inside plant 41
4. Switching system hierarchy 41-43
5. Evolution of digital switching systems 43
6. Stored program control switching systems 43-44
7. switching system fundamentals 44-46
8. Building blocks of a digital switching system 46-50
9. Basic call processing 50-53
UNIT 3: TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRAFFIC:
1. Introduction 53
2. Unit of traffic 54-55
3. Congestion 56
4. Traffic measurement 56
5. Mathematical model 57-61
6. lost call systems 61
7. Queuing systems 62-65
8. problems 65-68
UNIT 4: SWITCHING SYSTEMS:
1. Introduction 68
2. Single stage networks 69
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 4
3. Grading 69-73
4. Link Systems 73-81
5. GOS of Linked systems 81-82
PART – B :
UNIT 5: TIME DIVISION SWITCHING
1. Introduction, 82
2. space and time switching 83-85
3. Time switching networks 85-88
4. Synchronization 88-90
UNIT 6: SWITCHING SYSTEM SOFTWARE:
1. Introduction 91
2. Scope 91
3. Basic software architecture 91-92
4. Operating systems 92-94
5. Database Management 94
6. Concept of generic program 94-95
7. Software architecture for level 1 control 95-96
8. Software architecture for level 2 control 96-97
9. Software architecture for level 3 control 97
10. Digital switching system software classification 98-102
11. Call models 102
12. Connect sequence 102-104
13. Software linkages during call 104-105
14. Call features 105-106
15. Feature flow diagram 106-107
16. Feature interaction 107
UNIT 7: MAINTENANCE OF DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM:
1. Introduction 108
2. Scope 108
3. Software maintenance 108-109
4. Interface of a typical digital switching system central office 109-111
5. System outage and its impact on digital switching system reliability 111-112
6. Impact of software patches on digital switching system maintainability 112-113
7. Embedded patcher concept 113
8. Growth of digital switching system central office 113
9. Generic program upgrade 114
10. A methodology for proper maintenance of digital switching system 114-115
11. Effect of firmware deployment on digital switching system 116
12. Firmware-software coupling 116-117
13. Switching system maintainability metrics 117
Digital Switching System 10EC82
ECE/SJBIT Page 5
14. Upgrade process success rate 118
15. Number of patches applied per year 118-119
16. Diagnostic resolution rate 119
17. Reported critical and major faults corrected 119-120
18. A strategy improving software quality 120
19. Program for software process improvement 120-121
20. Software processes improvement 121
21. Software processes, Metrics 121-122
22. Defect analysis 122-124
UNIT 8: A GENERIC DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEM MODEL:
1. Introduction 125
2. Scope 125
3. Hardware architecture 125-127
4. Software architecture 127-128
5. Recovery strategy 128-131
6. Simple call through a digital system 131-135
7. Common characteristics of digital switching systems 135-137
8. Analysis report 137
9. Reliability analysis 137-138
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