Page 1
88 ?Li'kZ
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr
(1895 - 1963)
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dk tUe >k¡lh osQ fudV fpjxk¡o esa lu~ 1895 esa gqvk FkkA jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k
xqIr buosQ cM+s HkkbZ FksA xqIr th osQ firk Hkh dfork,¡ fy[krs FksA bl dkj.k ifjokj esa gh bUgsa
dfork osQ laLdkj Lor% izkIr gq,A xqIr th egkRek xkaèkh vkSj fouksck Hkkos osQ fopkjksa osQ vuq;k;h
FksA bldk laosQr budh jpukvksa esa Hkh feyrk gSA xqIr th dh jpukvksa dk izeq[k xq.k gS
dFkkRedrkA bUgksaus lkekftd oqQjhfr;ksa ij djkjh pksV dh gSA ns'k dh Toyar ?kVukvksa vkSj
leL;kvksa dk thoar fp=k bUgksaus izLrqr fd;k gSA buosQ dkO; dh i`"BHkwfe vrhr gks ;k orZeku]
muesa vkèkqfud ekuork dh d#.kk] ;kruk vkSj }a} lefUor :i esa mHkjk gSA
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dh izeq[k Ñfr;k¡ gSa % ekS;Z fot;] vknzkZ] ikFks;] e`.e;h] mUeqDr]
vkReksRlxZ] nwokZny vkSj uoqQyA
^,d iwQy dh pkg* xqIr th dh ,d yach vkSj izfl¼ dfork gSA izLrqr ikB mlh dfork
dk ,d va'k ek=k gSA iwjh dfork NqvkNwr dh leL;k ij osaQfnzr gSA ,d ej.kklUu ^vNwr* dU;k
osQ eu esa ;g pkg mBh fd dk'k! nsoh osQ pj.kksa esa vfiZr fd;k gqvk ,d iwQy ykdj dksbZ
mls ns nsrkA dU;k osQ firk us csVh dh euksdkeuk iwjh djus dk chM+k mBk;kA og nsoh osQ eafnj
esa tk igq¡pkA nsoh dh vkjkèkuk Hkh dh] ij mlosQ ckn og nsoh osQ HkDrksa dh u”kj esa [kVdus
yxkA ekuo&ek=k dks ,dleku ekuus dh ulhgr nsusokyh nsoh osQ lo.kZ HkDrksa us ml foo'k]
ykpkj] vkdka{kh exj ^vNwr* firk osQ lkFk oSQlk lywd fd;k] D;k og viuh csVh dks iwQy ykdj
ns ldk\ ;g dfork dk ekfeZd va'k gh crk,xkA
2022-23
Page 2
88 ?Li'kZ
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr
(1895 - 1963)
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dk tUe >k¡lh osQ fudV fpjxk¡o esa lu~ 1895 esa gqvk FkkA jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k
xqIr buosQ cM+s HkkbZ FksA xqIr th osQ firk Hkh dfork,¡ fy[krs FksA bl dkj.k ifjokj esa gh bUgsa
dfork osQ laLdkj Lor% izkIr gq,A xqIr th egkRek xkaèkh vkSj fouksck Hkkos osQ fopkjksa osQ vuq;k;h
FksA bldk laosQr budh jpukvksa esa Hkh feyrk gSA xqIr th dh jpukvksa dk izeq[k xq.k gS
dFkkRedrkA bUgksaus lkekftd oqQjhfr;ksa ij djkjh pksV dh gSA ns'k dh Toyar ?kVukvksa vkSj
leL;kvksa dk thoar fp=k bUgksaus izLrqr fd;k gSA buosQ dkO; dh i`"BHkwfe vrhr gks ;k orZeku]
muesa vkèkqfud ekuork dh d#.kk] ;kruk vkSj }a} lefUor :i esa mHkjk gSA
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dh izeq[k Ñfr;k¡ gSa % ekS;Z fot;] vknzkZ] ikFks;] e`.e;h] mUeqDr]
vkReksRlxZ] nwokZny vkSj uoqQyA
^,d iwQy dh pkg* xqIr th dh ,d yach vkSj izfl¼ dfork gSA izLrqr ikB mlh dfork
dk ,d va'k ek=k gSA iwjh dfork NqvkNwr dh leL;k ij osaQfnzr gSA ,d ej.kklUu ^vNwr* dU;k
osQ eu esa ;g pkg mBh fd dk'k! nsoh osQ pj.kksa esa vfiZr fd;k gqvk ,d iwQy ykdj dksbZ
mls ns nsrkA dU;k osQ firk us csVh dh euksdkeuk iwjh djus dk chM+k mBk;kA og nsoh osQ eafnj
esa tk igq¡pkA nsoh dh vkjkèkuk Hkh dh] ij mlosQ ckn og nsoh osQ HkDrksa dh u”kj esa [kVdus
yxkA ekuo&ek=k dks ,dleku ekuus dh ulhgr nsusokyh nsoh osQ lo.kZ HkDrksa us ml foo'k]
ykpkj] vkdka{kh exj ^vNwr* firk osQ lkFk oSQlk lywd fd;k] D;k og viuh csVh dks iwQy ykdj
ns ldk\ ;g dfork dk ekfeZd va'k gh crk,xkA
2022-23
,d iwQy dh pkg ?89
,d iwQy dh pkg
m}sfyr dj vJq&jkf'k;k¡]
ân;&fprk,¡ èkèkdkdj]
egk egkekjh izpaM gks
iSQy jgh Fkh bèkj&mèkjA
{kh.k&oaQB e`roRlkvksa dk
djQ.k jQnu nqnk±r furkar]
Hkjs gq, Fkk fut Ñ'k jo esa
gkgkdkj vikj v'kkarA
cgqr jksdrk Fkk lqf[k;k dks]
^u tk [ksyus dks ckgj*]
ugha [ksyuk jQdrk mldk
ugha Bgjrh og iy&HkjA
esjk ân; dk¡i mBrk Fkk]
ckgj xbZ fugkj mls_
;gh eukrk Fkk fd cpk yw¡
fdlh Hkk¡fr bl ckj mlsA
2022-23
Page 3
88 ?Li'kZ
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr
(1895 - 1963)
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dk tUe >k¡lh osQ fudV fpjxk¡o esa lu~ 1895 esa gqvk FkkA jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k
xqIr buosQ cM+s HkkbZ FksA xqIr th osQ firk Hkh dfork,¡ fy[krs FksA bl dkj.k ifjokj esa gh bUgsa
dfork osQ laLdkj Lor% izkIr gq,A xqIr th egkRek xkaèkh vkSj fouksck Hkkos osQ fopkjksa osQ vuq;k;h
FksA bldk laosQr budh jpukvksa esa Hkh feyrk gSA xqIr th dh jpukvksa dk izeq[k xq.k gS
dFkkRedrkA bUgksaus lkekftd oqQjhfr;ksa ij djkjh pksV dh gSA ns'k dh Toyar ?kVukvksa vkSj
leL;kvksa dk thoar fp=k bUgksaus izLrqr fd;k gSA buosQ dkO; dh i`"BHkwfe vrhr gks ;k orZeku]
muesa vkèkqfud ekuork dh d#.kk] ;kruk vkSj }a} lefUor :i esa mHkjk gSA
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dh izeq[k Ñfr;k¡ gSa % ekS;Z fot;] vknzkZ] ikFks;] e`.e;h] mUeqDr]
vkReksRlxZ] nwokZny vkSj uoqQyA
^,d iwQy dh pkg* xqIr th dh ,d yach vkSj izfl¼ dfork gSA izLrqr ikB mlh dfork
dk ,d va'k ek=k gSA iwjh dfork NqvkNwr dh leL;k ij osaQfnzr gSA ,d ej.kklUu ^vNwr* dU;k
osQ eu esa ;g pkg mBh fd dk'k! nsoh osQ pj.kksa esa vfiZr fd;k gqvk ,d iwQy ykdj dksbZ
mls ns nsrkA dU;k osQ firk us csVh dh euksdkeuk iwjh djus dk chM+k mBk;kA og nsoh osQ eafnj
esa tk igq¡pkA nsoh dh vkjkèkuk Hkh dh] ij mlosQ ckn og nsoh osQ HkDrksa dh u”kj esa [kVdus
yxkA ekuo&ek=k dks ,dleku ekuus dh ulhgr nsusokyh nsoh osQ lo.kZ HkDrksa us ml foo'k]
ykpkj] vkdka{kh exj ^vNwr* firk osQ lkFk oSQlk lywd fd;k] D;k og viuh csVh dks iwQy ykdj
ns ldk\ ;g dfork dk ekfeZd va'k gh crk,xkA
2022-23
,d iwQy dh pkg ?89
,d iwQy dh pkg
m}sfyr dj vJq&jkf'k;k¡]
ân;&fprk,¡ èkèkdkdj]
egk egkekjh izpaM gks
iSQy jgh Fkh bèkj&mèkjA
{kh.k&oaQB e`roRlkvksa dk
djQ.k jQnu nqnk±r furkar]
Hkjs gq, Fkk fut Ñ'k jo esa
gkgkdkj vikj v'kkarA
cgqr jksdrk Fkk lqf[k;k dks]
^u tk [ksyus dks ckgj*]
ugha [ksyuk jQdrk mldk
ugha Bgjrh og iy&HkjA
esjk ân; dk¡i mBrk Fkk]
ckgj xbZ fugkj mls_
;gh eukrk Fkk fd cpk yw¡
fdlh Hkk¡fr bl ckj mlsA
2022-23
90 ?Li'kZ
Hkhrj tks Mj jgk fNik,]
gk;! ogh ckgj vk;kA
,d fnol lqf[k;k osQ ruq dks
rki&rIr eSaus ik;kA
Toj esa foày gks cksyh og]
D;k tkuw¡ fdl Mj ls Mj]
eq>dks nsoh osQ izlkn dk
,d iwQy gh nks ykdjA
Øe'k% oaQB {kh.k gks vk;k]
f'kfFky gq, vo;o lkjs]
cSBk Fkk uo&uo mik; dh
fpark esa eSa euekjsA
tku ldk u izHkkr ltx ls
gqbZ vyl dc nksigjh]
Lo.kZ&?kuksa esa dc jfo Mwck]
dc vkbZ laè;k xgjhA
lHkh vksj fn[kykbZ nh cl]
vaèkdkj dh gh Nk;k]
NksVh&lh cPph dks xzlus
fdruk cM+k frfej vk;k!
mQij foLr`r egkdk'k esa
tyrs&ls vaxkjksa ls]
>qylh&lh tkrh Fkh vk¡[ksa
txex txrs rkjksa lsA
2022-23
Page 4
88 ?Li'kZ
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr
(1895 - 1963)
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dk tUe >k¡lh osQ fudV fpjxk¡o esa lu~ 1895 esa gqvk FkkA jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k
xqIr buosQ cM+s HkkbZ FksA xqIr th osQ firk Hkh dfork,¡ fy[krs FksA bl dkj.k ifjokj esa gh bUgsa
dfork osQ laLdkj Lor% izkIr gq,A xqIr th egkRek xkaèkh vkSj fouksck Hkkos osQ fopkjksa osQ vuq;k;h
FksA bldk laosQr budh jpukvksa esa Hkh feyrk gSA xqIr th dh jpukvksa dk izeq[k xq.k gS
dFkkRedrkA bUgksaus lkekftd oqQjhfr;ksa ij djkjh pksV dh gSA ns'k dh Toyar ?kVukvksa vkSj
leL;kvksa dk thoar fp=k bUgksaus izLrqr fd;k gSA buosQ dkO; dh i`"BHkwfe vrhr gks ;k orZeku]
muesa vkèkqfud ekuork dh d#.kk] ;kruk vkSj }a} lefUor :i esa mHkjk gSA
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dh izeq[k Ñfr;k¡ gSa % ekS;Z fot;] vknzkZ] ikFks;] e`.e;h] mUeqDr]
vkReksRlxZ] nwokZny vkSj uoqQyA
^,d iwQy dh pkg* xqIr th dh ,d yach vkSj izfl¼ dfork gSA izLrqr ikB mlh dfork
dk ,d va'k ek=k gSA iwjh dfork NqvkNwr dh leL;k ij osaQfnzr gSA ,d ej.kklUu ^vNwr* dU;k
osQ eu esa ;g pkg mBh fd dk'k! nsoh osQ pj.kksa esa vfiZr fd;k gqvk ,d iwQy ykdj dksbZ
mls ns nsrkA dU;k osQ firk us csVh dh euksdkeuk iwjh djus dk chM+k mBk;kA og nsoh osQ eafnj
esa tk igq¡pkA nsoh dh vkjkèkuk Hkh dh] ij mlosQ ckn og nsoh osQ HkDrksa dh u”kj esa [kVdus
yxkA ekuo&ek=k dks ,dleku ekuus dh ulhgr nsusokyh nsoh osQ lo.kZ HkDrksa us ml foo'k]
ykpkj] vkdka{kh exj ^vNwr* firk osQ lkFk oSQlk lywd fd;k] D;k og viuh csVh dks iwQy ykdj
ns ldk\ ;g dfork dk ekfeZd va'k gh crk,xkA
2022-23
,d iwQy dh pkg ?89
,d iwQy dh pkg
m}sfyr dj vJq&jkf'k;k¡]
ân;&fprk,¡ èkèkdkdj]
egk egkekjh izpaM gks
iSQy jgh Fkh bèkj&mèkjA
{kh.k&oaQB e`roRlkvksa dk
djQ.k jQnu nqnk±r furkar]
Hkjs gq, Fkk fut Ñ'k jo esa
gkgkdkj vikj v'kkarA
cgqr jksdrk Fkk lqf[k;k dks]
^u tk [ksyus dks ckgj*]
ugha [ksyuk jQdrk mldk
ugha Bgjrh og iy&HkjA
esjk ân; dk¡i mBrk Fkk]
ckgj xbZ fugkj mls_
;gh eukrk Fkk fd cpk yw¡
fdlh Hkk¡fr bl ckj mlsA
2022-23
90 ?Li'kZ
Hkhrj tks Mj jgk fNik,]
gk;! ogh ckgj vk;kA
,d fnol lqf[k;k osQ ruq dks
rki&rIr eSaus ik;kA
Toj esa foày gks cksyh og]
D;k tkuw¡ fdl Mj ls Mj]
eq>dks nsoh osQ izlkn dk
,d iwQy gh nks ykdjA
Øe'k% oaQB {kh.k gks vk;k]
f'kfFky gq, vo;o lkjs]
cSBk Fkk uo&uo mik; dh
fpark esa eSa euekjsA
tku ldk u izHkkr ltx ls
gqbZ vyl dc nksigjh]
Lo.kZ&?kuksa esa dc jfo Mwck]
dc vkbZ laè;k xgjhA
lHkh vksj fn[kykbZ nh cl]
vaèkdkj dh gh Nk;k]
NksVh&lh cPph dks xzlus
fdruk cM+k frfej vk;k!
mQij foLr`r egkdk'k esa
tyrs&ls vaxkjksa ls]
>qylh&lh tkrh Fkh vk¡[ksa
txex txrs rkjksa lsA
2022-23
,d iwQy dh pkg ?91
ns[k jgk Fkkµtks lqfLFkj gks
ugha cSBrh Fkh {k.k&Hkj]
gk;! ogh pqipki iM+h Fkh
vVy 'kkafr&lh èkkj.k djA
lquuk ogh pkgrk Fkk eSa
mls Lo;a gh mdlkdjµ
eq>dks nsoh osQ izlkn dk
,d iwQy gh nks ykdj!
m¡Qps 'kSy&f'k[kj osQ mQij
eafnj Fkk foLrh.kZ fo'kky_
Lo.kZ&dy'k ljflt fogflr Fks
ikdj leqfnr jfo&dj&tkyA
nhi&èkwi ls vkeksfnr Fkk
eafnj dk vk¡xu lkjk_
xw¡t jgh Fkh Hkhrj&ckgj
eq[kfjr mRlo dh èkkjkA
HkDr&o`an e`nq&eèkqj oaQB ls
xkrs Fks lHkfDr eqn&e;]µ
^ifrr&rkfj.kh iki&gkfj.kh]
ekrk] rsjh t;&t;&t;!*
^ifrr&rkfj.kh] rsjh t;&t;*µ
esjs eq[k ls Hkh fudyk]
fcuk c<+s gh eSa vkxs dks
tkus fdl cy ls f<dyk!
2022-23
Page 5
88 ?Li'kZ
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr
(1895 - 1963)
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dk tUe >k¡lh osQ fudV fpjxk¡o esa lu~ 1895 esa gqvk FkkA jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.k
xqIr buosQ cM+s HkkbZ FksA xqIr th osQ firk Hkh dfork,¡ fy[krs FksA bl dkj.k ifjokj esa gh bUgsa
dfork osQ laLdkj Lor% izkIr gq,A xqIr th egkRek xkaèkh vkSj fouksck Hkkos osQ fopkjksa osQ vuq;k;h
FksA bldk laosQr budh jpukvksa esa Hkh feyrk gSA xqIr th dh jpukvksa dk izeq[k xq.k gS
dFkkRedrkA bUgksaus lkekftd oqQjhfr;ksa ij djkjh pksV dh gSA ns'k dh Toyar ?kVukvksa vkSj
leL;kvksa dk thoar fp=k bUgksaus izLrqr fd;k gSA buosQ dkO; dh i`"BHkwfe vrhr gks ;k orZeku]
muesa vkèkqfud ekuork dh d#.kk] ;kruk vkSj }a} lefUor :i esa mHkjk gSA
fl;kjke'kj.k xqIr dh izeq[k Ñfr;k¡ gSa % ekS;Z fot;] vknzkZ] ikFks;] e`.e;h] mUeqDr]
vkReksRlxZ] nwokZny vkSj uoqQyA
^,d iwQy dh pkg* xqIr th dh ,d yach vkSj izfl¼ dfork gSA izLrqr ikB mlh dfork
dk ,d va'k ek=k gSA iwjh dfork NqvkNwr dh leL;k ij osaQfnzr gSA ,d ej.kklUu ^vNwr* dU;k
osQ eu esa ;g pkg mBh fd dk'k! nsoh osQ pj.kksa esa vfiZr fd;k gqvk ,d iwQy ykdj dksbZ
mls ns nsrkA dU;k osQ firk us csVh dh euksdkeuk iwjh djus dk chM+k mBk;kA og nsoh osQ eafnj
esa tk igq¡pkA nsoh dh vkjkèkuk Hkh dh] ij mlosQ ckn og nsoh osQ HkDrksa dh u”kj esa [kVdus
yxkA ekuo&ek=k dks ,dleku ekuus dh ulhgr nsusokyh nsoh osQ lo.kZ HkDrksa us ml foo'k]
ykpkj] vkdka{kh exj ^vNwr* firk osQ lkFk oSQlk lywd fd;k] D;k og viuh csVh dks iwQy ykdj
ns ldk\ ;g dfork dk ekfeZd va'k gh crk,xkA
2022-23
,d iwQy dh pkg ?89
,d iwQy dh pkg
m}sfyr dj vJq&jkf'k;k¡]
ân;&fprk,¡ èkèkdkdj]
egk egkekjh izpaM gks
iSQy jgh Fkh bèkj&mèkjA
{kh.k&oaQB e`roRlkvksa dk
djQ.k jQnu nqnk±r furkar]
Hkjs gq, Fkk fut Ñ'k jo esa
gkgkdkj vikj v'kkarA
cgqr jksdrk Fkk lqf[k;k dks]
^u tk [ksyus dks ckgj*]
ugha [ksyuk jQdrk mldk
ugha Bgjrh og iy&HkjA
esjk ân; dk¡i mBrk Fkk]
ckgj xbZ fugkj mls_
;gh eukrk Fkk fd cpk yw¡
fdlh Hkk¡fr bl ckj mlsA
2022-23
90 ?Li'kZ
Hkhrj tks Mj jgk fNik,]
gk;! ogh ckgj vk;kA
,d fnol lqf[k;k osQ ruq dks
rki&rIr eSaus ik;kA
Toj esa foày gks cksyh og]
D;k tkuw¡ fdl Mj ls Mj]
eq>dks nsoh osQ izlkn dk
,d iwQy gh nks ykdjA
Øe'k% oaQB {kh.k gks vk;k]
f'kfFky gq, vo;o lkjs]
cSBk Fkk uo&uo mik; dh
fpark esa eSa euekjsA
tku ldk u izHkkr ltx ls
gqbZ vyl dc nksigjh]
Lo.kZ&?kuksa esa dc jfo Mwck]
dc vkbZ laè;k xgjhA
lHkh vksj fn[kykbZ nh cl]
vaèkdkj dh gh Nk;k]
NksVh&lh cPph dks xzlus
fdruk cM+k frfej vk;k!
mQij foLr`r egkdk'k esa
tyrs&ls vaxkjksa ls]
>qylh&lh tkrh Fkh vk¡[ksa
txex txrs rkjksa lsA
2022-23
,d iwQy dh pkg ?91
ns[k jgk Fkkµtks lqfLFkj gks
ugha cSBrh Fkh {k.k&Hkj]
gk;! ogh pqipki iM+h Fkh
vVy 'kkafr&lh èkkj.k djA
lquuk ogh pkgrk Fkk eSa
mls Lo;a gh mdlkdjµ
eq>dks nsoh osQ izlkn dk
,d iwQy gh nks ykdj!
m¡Qps 'kSy&f'k[kj osQ mQij
eafnj Fkk foLrh.kZ fo'kky_
Lo.kZ&dy'k ljflt fogflr Fks
ikdj leqfnr jfo&dj&tkyA
nhi&èkwi ls vkeksfnr Fkk
eafnj dk vk¡xu lkjk_
xw¡t jgh Fkh Hkhrj&ckgj
eq[kfjr mRlo dh èkkjkA
HkDr&o`an e`nq&eèkqj oaQB ls
xkrs Fks lHkfDr eqn&e;]µ
^ifrr&rkfj.kh iki&gkfj.kh]
ekrk] rsjh t;&t;&t;!*
^ifrr&rkfj.kh] rsjh t;&t;*µ
esjs eq[k ls Hkh fudyk]
fcuk c<+s gh eSa vkxs dks
tkus fdl cy ls f<dyk!
2022-23
92 ?Li'kZ
esjs nhi&iwQy ysdj os
vack dks vfiZr djosQ
fn;k iqtkjh us izlkn tc
vkxs dks vatfy HkjosQ]
Hkwy x;k mldk ysuk >V]
ije ykHk&lk ikdj eSaA
lkspk]µcsVh dks ek¡ osQ ;s
iq.;&iq"i nw¡ tkdj eSaA
flag ikSj rd Hkh vk¡xu ls
ugha igq¡pus eSa ik;k]
lglk ;g lqu iM+k fdµ¶oSQls
;g vNwr Hkhrj vk;k\
idM+ks] ns[kks Hkkx u tkos]
cuk èkwrZ ;g gS oSQlk_
lkI
+
kQ&LoPN ifjèkku fd, gS]
Hkys ekuq"kksa osQ tSlk!
ikih us eafnj esa ?kqldj
fd;k vuFkZ cM+k Hkkjh_
dyqf"kr dj nh gS eafnj dh
fpjdkfyd 'kqfprk lkjhA¸
,sa] D;k esjk dyq"k cM+k gS
nsoh dh xfjek ls Hkh_
fdlh ckr esa gw¡ eSa vkxs
ekrk dh efgek osQ Hkh\
2022-23
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