Explanation:

Superconductors are materials that exhibit zero resistance to the flow of electric current below a specific temperature called critical temperature (Tc). Superconductivity is a phenomenon that occurs in certain materials, most notably in metals and alloys, when they are cooled to near absolute zero (-273.15°C).

Derivation of Superconductors:

The compounds from which superconductors are derived are transition elements. Transition elements include elements with atomic numbers 21 to 30, 39 to 48, 57 to 80, and 89 to 112. These elements have partially filled d-orbitals and exhibit metallic properties such as high electrical conductivity, ductility, and malleability.

Types of Superconductors:

Superconductors can be divided into two types:

1. Type-I Superconductors: Type-I superconductors are mainly derived from pure metals such as mercury, lead, and tin. They exhibit perfect diamagnetism and lose their superconductivity when the magnetic field strength exceeds a critical value.

2. Type-II Superconductors: Type-II superconductors are mainly derived from alloys such as niobium-titanium and niobium-tin. They exhibit mixed-state behavior and can tolerate higher magnetic fields than type-I superconductors.

Applications of Superconductors:

Superconductors have several applications in various fields such as:

1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines in medical science
2. High-speed trains, which use superconducting magnets to levitate above the tracks
3. Power generators and transformers, which use superconducting wires to increase efficiency
4. Particle accelerators, which use superconducting magnets to guide particles at high speeds

Conclusion:

In conclusion, superconductors are derived from compounds of transition elements, which exhibit metallic properties and partially filled d-orbitals. Superconductors have many applications and are essential to the functioning of several modern technologies.

Super conductor belong to transition metal bcz it have unpaired electron in d block shell and second thing that they formed interstial compound in which small element trap in lattice site so it increases the conductivity