Epithelial cells are the cells that cover the surface of the body and line its cavities, organs, and glands. These cells are held together by different types of cell junctions. The most common type of cell junctions found in epithelial cells are desmosomes.

Desmosomes:

Desmosomes are specialized cell junctions that are responsible for holding adjacent epithelial cells together. These junctions are composed of transmembrane glycoproteins called desmogleins and desmocollins that extend from the plasma membrane of one cell to the plasma membrane of the adjacent cell. Desmosomes also contain intracellular attachment proteins called desmoplakins and plakoglobins that anchor the transmembrane glycoproteins to the cytoskeleton of the cell. The desmosomes provide mechanical strength to the epithelial cells and prevent them from separating under mechanical stress.

Other types of cell junctions:

Other types of cell junctions found in epithelial cells include tight junctions and gap junctions. Tight junctions are specialized junctions that seal the intercellular space between adjacent epithelial cells and prevent the movement of molecules and ions between them. Gap junctions are specialized channels that allow the exchange of small molecules and ions between adjacent cells. These junctions are important for the coordination of cellular activities in tissues.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the adjacent epithelial cells are held together by means of desmosomes. These specialized junctions provide mechanical strength to the epithelial cells and prevent them from separating under mechanical stress.