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DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
  1. Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles.
  2. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes.
  3. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India.
  4. It is no one's job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.
    Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer?
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    DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) ...
    After reading the given collection of statements, we identify that the core of the discussion appears to be liberal democracies and the inherent limitations associated with them. Statement 2 (independent sentence) first introduces us to this subject and sets the context, comparing liberal democracy to capitalism and subsequently to a competition/game. Sentence 1 follows 2 because the phrase 'such systems' (in 1) refers to liberal democracy and capitalism, discussed in the opening sentence. The author also describes the limitation originating from such competition: "imprisons its players to stay within their roles". Sentence 4 follows 1- 'that competition' (in 4) refers to the competition described in 1. Additionally, it adds to the preceding point that discusses the limitations. Finally, 3 ends the paragraph as it discusses a consequence of the drawback mentioned in 4. Hence, 2143 is the answer.
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    DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) ...
    Introduction:
    In this question, we are given four sentences that need to be sequenced in order to form a coherent paragraph. The correct sequence is '2143'. Let's break down the logic behind this sequence.

    1. Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles.
    This sentence introduces the concept of competition as a driving force behind the benefits achieved by systems. It also highlights how the logic of competition can restrict individuals to their assigned roles.

    2. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes.
    This sentence compares liberal democracy to capitalism, stating that it is a game where players compete against each other for rewards. It establishes a connection between competition and the concept of liberal democracy.

    3. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India.
    This sentence explains the vulnerability of democracies to takeovers, citing real-life examples such as Turkey, Hungary, and India. It highlights the potential consequences of the competition inherent in liberal democracies.

    4. It is no one's job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.
    This sentence concludes the paragraph by stating that there is no specific responsibility assigned to defend the rules governing the competition in liberal democracies. It emphasizes the lack of safeguards for the system.

    Conclusion:
    Based on the logic and flow of the sentences, the correct sequence is '2143'. This sequence allows for a coherent and logical paragraph that explores the relationship between competition, liberal democracy, and the vulnerability of democracies to takeovers.
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    DIRECTIONS for the question:The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: These views are largely impervious to argument or appearance and have some resonance with our deeply polarized society today. When believers and nonbelievers discuss or witness a seemingly miraculous event, they find little common ground, as if one is speaking French and the other Swahili. And yet, surprisingly, some recent proposals in physics reveal that believers and nonbelievers may have more in common than they think. Such radically different attitudes represent radically different views of the world. Correct answer is '2413'. Can you explain this answer?

    DIRECTIONS for the question : Read the passage and answer the question based on it.To equate capitalism with greed is a mistake. We tend to confuse self-interest in the marketplace with selfishness or greed. At the heart of capitalism is the idea of exchange between ordinary, self-interested human beings, who seek to advance their interests peacefully in the marketplace. Adam Smith called this rational self-interest. It is the same motive that gets one to jump out of bed in the morning or makes one carry an umbrella if it rains—nothing selfish about that. To be human is to be self-interested, and this is what exchange in the market place entails.Greed or selfishness, on the other hand, is an excess of self interest and often transgresses on the rights of others. It is present in all of us, but we find it easier to see it in others and difficult to see it in ourselves. Greed can motivate theft, entail himsa—hurting another whose opposite, ahimsa, is a virtue that Mahatma Gandhi extolled. But the other side of greed is ambition, a positive thing, and when rightly directed, is life-affirming. Herein lies the conundrum of human existence: that the same inner forces that result in a vice can just as easily become virtues that can motivate the well-being of our species.Those who believe that capitalism has been forced on us by the imperial West are also wrong. Friedrich Hayek, the Noble laureate, called the market a spontaneous order—it is natural for human beings to exchange goods and services, and this is how every society evolved money, laws, conventions and morals to guide behaviour in the marketplace. These are natural products of human endeavour. Competing and cooperating in the marketplace existed in India before the West was imperial or modern.Whether we like it or not, India is headed in the direction of some sort of democratic capitalism. After two decades of reforms, hardly anyone in India wants state ownership of production, where the absence of competition corrodes the character even more, as we know too well from the dark days of the license raj. Our animus against capitalism has diminished after communisms fall as people increasingly believe mat markets do deliver greater prosperity, but most think that capitalism is not a moral system. They continue to believe that morality must depend on religion.Although the market is neither moral nor immoral, human self-interest usually brings about good behaviour in the marketplace. A seller who does not treat his customers with fairness and civility will lose market share A company that markets defective products will lose customers. A firm that does not promote the most deserving employees will lose talent to its competitors. A buyer who does not respect the market price will not survive. Lying and cheating will ruin a firms image, making it untouchable to creditors and suppliers. Hence, free markets offer powerful incentives for ethical conduct, but they must be backed by state institutions that enforce contracts and punish criminal behaviour. If the market has an inbuilt morality, why are there so many crooks in the marketplace? The answer is that there are crooked people in every society, and this is why we need effective regulators, policemen and judges. We should design our institutions to catch crooks and not harass innocent people as we do so often.The other cause of our grief is to mistake being pro-market with being pro-business. To be pro-market is to believe in competitive markets which help to keep prices low and gradually raise the quality of products. Competition also means that some businesses will die because they are poorly managed and cannot compete. Kingfisher Airlines and Air India should be allowed to die and not be bailed out by the government. Thus, being pro-market leads to rules-based capitalism; pro-business often leads to crony capitalism. Not to have explained this difference has been the great mistake of our reformers and this has led to the false impression that the reforms only make the rich richer. Crony capitalism exists in India today because of the lack of reforms in sectors such as mining and real estate. To get rid of crony capitalism we need more rather than less reform.The doom-mongers, who claim that we are now resigned to live in an age of decaying moral standards, are also wrong. Yes, the new Indian middle class is permissive and indulges enthusiastically in harmless pleasures. Yes, it is materialistic, consumerist and capitalistic. But these impulses are not to be mistaken for greed. Only when ones pleasure hurts another does it become a matter of the law (and then, of course, it must be punished. The shared imagination of the new India with its harmless pleasure and victimless vice should not be condemned. Think of ours as a society in transition. Mass wealth is profoundly disturbing but once there is enough, India might again return to its old character of renunciation.Instead of religious rules, young Indians are motivated by duties to fellow human beings rather than to gods. Those who accuse them of shallow materialism ignore the injustices that prevailed when religion held a monopoly on morality. They overlook real ethical progress with regard to sexual and caste equality that our secular society has begun to deliver. So, the next time Kejriwal makes an expose and the TV screams greed, do not fall into the trap of believing capitalist culture is morally sick or that we should return to a moral order rooted in socialism or religion.Q.As wealth spreads in society, what is likely to happen according to the author?

    DIRECTIONS for the question : Read the passage and answer the question based on it.To equate capitalism with greed is a mistake. We tend to confuse self-interest in the marketplace with selfishness or greed. At the heart of capitalism is the idea of exchange between ordinary, self-interested human beings, who seek to advance their interests peacefully in the marketplace. Adam Smith called this rational self-interest. It is the same motive that gets one to jump out of bed in the morning or makes one carry an umbrella if it rains—nothing selfish about that. To be human is to be self-interested, and this is what exchange in the market place entails.Greed or selfishness, on the other hand, is an excess of self interest and often transgresses on the rights of others. It is present in all of us, but we find it easier to see it in others and difficult to see it in ourselves. Greed can motivate theft, entail himsa—hurting another whose opposite, ahimsa, is a virtue that Mahatma Gandhi extolled. But the other side of greed is ambition, a positive thing, and when rightly directed, is life-affirming. Herein lies the conundrum of human existence: that the same inner forces that result in a vice can just as easily become virtues that can motivate the well-being of our species.Those who believe that capitalism has been forced on us by the imperial West are also wrong. Friedrich Hayek, the Noble laureate, called the market a spontaneous order—it is natural for human beings to exchange goods and services, and this is how every society evolved money, laws, conventions and morals to guide behaviour in the marketplace. These are natural products of human endeavour. Competing and cooperating in the marketplace existed in India before the West was imperial or modern.Whether we like it or not, India is headed in the direction of some sort of democratic capitalism. After two decades of reforms, hardly anyone in India wants state ownership of production, where the absence of competition corrodes the character even more, as we know too well from the dark days of the license raj. Our animus against capitalism has diminished after communisms fall as people increasingly believe mat markets do deliver greater prosperity, but most think that capitalism is not a moral system. They continue to believe that morality must depend on religion.Although the market is neither moral nor immoral, human self-interest usually brings about good behaviour in the marketplace. A seller who does not treat his customers with fairness and civility will lose market share A company that markets defective products will lose customers. A firm that does not promote the most deserving employees will lose talent to its competitors. A buyer who does not respect the market price will not survive. Lying and cheating will ruin a firms image, making it untouchable to creditors and suppliers. Hence, free markets offer powerful incentives for ethical conduct, but they must be backed by state institutions that enforce contracts and punish criminal behaviour. If the market has an inbuilt morality, why are there so many crooks in the marketplace? The answer is that there are crooked people in every society, and this is why we need effective regulators, policemen and judges. We should design our institutions to catch crooks and not harass innocent people as we do so often.The other cause of our grief is to mistake being pro-market with being pro-business. To be pro-market is to believe in competitive markets which help to keep prices low and gradually raise the quality of products. Competition also means that some businesses will die because they are poorly managed and cannot compete. Kingfisher Airlines and Air India should be allowed to die and not be bailed out by the government. Thus, being pro-market leads to rules-based capitalism; pro-business often leads to crony capitalism. Not to have explained this difference has been the great mistake of our reformers and this has led to the false impression that the reforms only make the rich richer. Crony capitalism exists in India today because of the lack of reforms in sectors such as mining and real estate. To get rid of crony capitalism we need more rather than less reform.The doom-mongers, who claim that we are now resigned to live in an age of decaying moral standards, are also wrong. Yes, the new Indian middle class is permissive and indulges enthusiastically in harmless pleasures. Yes, it is materialistic, consumerist and capitalistic. But these impulses are not to be mistaken for greed. Only when ones pleasure hurts another does it become a matter of the law (and then, of course, it must be punished. The shared imagination of the new India with its harmless pleasure and victimless vice should not be condemned. Think of ours as a society in transition. Mass wealth is profoundly disturbing but once there is enough, India might again return to its old character of renunciation.Instead of religious rules, young Indians are motivated by duties to fellow human beings rather than to gods. Those who accuse them of shallow materialism ignore the injustices that prevailed when religion held a monopoly on morality. They overlook real ethical progress with regard to sexual and caste equality that our secular society has begun to deliver. So, the next time Kejriwal makes an expose and the TV screams greed, do not fall into the trap of believing capitalist culture is morally sick or that we should return to a moral order rooted in socialism or religion.Q.Which of the following statement correctly reflects the views of the author?

    Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Before discussing the relationship, I would like to break down the concepts of bio-power and capitalism used by Foucault first. Foucault defined bio-power to be "the administration of bodies and the calculated management of life". This definition emphasized "administration" and "management". In order to clarify this distinction, Foucault contrasted bio-power against sovereign power. Sovereign power expressed itself as the absolute and final determinant to take away lives. Bio-power, on the contrary, was concerned much less about seizure and deduction.Foucault elaborated the techniques of bio-power through two concepts: anatomo-politics and bio-politics, both of which were forms of bio-power. Anatomo-politics dealt with "the body as a machine" at the level of individuals. It set a normative and desirable standard of the human body and manipulated every single segment of it to conform to its standard; by doing so, it disciplined the body. Bio-politics, on the other hand, dealt with "the species body, the body imbued with the mechanics of life and serving as the basis of the biological processes" at the level of population. It aspired to control "propagation, births and mortality, the level of health, life expectancy and longevity" so that it could regulate the population as a whole and thus manage its change in every aspect.It is worth noticing that these two basic forms of bio-power were not antithetical. Anatomo-politics normalized the specific behaviours and set of actions of each individual by implementing normative standards and manipulating body segments. Bio-politics normalized the characteristics of the population by intervening in its political and economic determinants.Foucault did not provide a clear definition of capitalism. His conception of capitalism, however, can be deduced from his explanations. First, Foucault argued that the development of capitalism required adjustment in "the machinery of production and…economic processes" as well as "a stable and competent labour force. It had private ownership and wage labour as its material makeup and economic presupposition. Furthermore, Foucalt mentioned that capitalism was a "development". Third, Foucault pointed out that there were two classes in capitalism: bourgeoisie and proletariat. The political peculiarity of capitalism lay in the antagonism between these two classes, in which the former employed and dominated the latter. Moreover, Foucault claimed that "bio-power was…an indispensable element in the development of capitalism".Capitalism and bio-power together imposed a set of social discourse that appeared as something truthful and justified both of them. Capitalism turned techniques of bio-power and its penetrating control of body into a market principle. Bio-power created a discourse in which the normal way of living, the normal condition of the human body, and the normal character of classes were defined so that the alienated bodies in capitalist production were seen not as miserable, but normal and even desirable. Thus, the social discourses imposed by capitalism and bio-power, which designated a normalized and seemingly truthful notion of body, interactively helped to conceal the wretched conditions and subjugation they brought.Q.In the statement, "Thus, the social discourses imposed by capitalism and bio-power, which designated a ... and subjugation they brought", what do you infer is the tone of the author?

    Directions: The passage below is followed by some questions based on its content. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Before discussing the relationship, I would like to break down the concepts of bio-power and capitalism used by Foucault first. Foucault defined bio-power to be "the administration of bodies and the calculated management of life". This definition emphasized "administration" and "management". In order to clarify this distinction, Foucault contrasted bio-power against sovereign power. Sovereign power expressed itself as the absolute and final determinant to take away lives. Bio-power, on the contrary, was concerned much less about seizure and deduction.Foucault elaborated the techniques of bio-power through two concepts: anatomo-politics and bio-politics, both of which were forms of bio-power. Anatomo-politics dealt with "the body as a machine" at the level of individuals. It set a normative and desirable standard of the human body and manipulated every single segment of it to conform to its standard; by doing so, it disciplined the body. Bio-politics, on the other hand, dealt with "the species body, the body imbued with the mechanics of life and serving as the basis of the biological processes" at the level of population. It aspired to control "propagation, births and mortality, the level of health, life expectancy and longevity" so that it could regulate the population as a whole and thus manage its change in every aspect.It is worth noticing that these two basic forms of bio-power were not antithetical. Anatomo-politics normalized the specific behaviours and set of actions of each individual by implementing normative standards and manipulating body segments. Bio-politics normalized the characteristics of the population by intervening in its political and economic determinants.Foucault did not provide a clear definition of capitalism. His conception of capitalism, however, can be deduced from his explanations. First, Foucault argued that the development of capitalism required adjustment in "the machinery of production and…economic processes" as well as "a stable and competent labour force. It had private ownership and wage labour as its material makeup and economic presupposition. Furthermore, Foucalt mentioned that capitalism was a "development". Third, Foucault pointed out that there were two classes in capitalism: bourgeoisie and proletariat. The political peculiarity of capitalism lay in the antagonism between these two classes, in which the former employed and dominated the latter. Moreover, Foucault claimed that "bio-power was…an indispensable element in the development of capitalism".Capitalism and bio-power together imposed a set of social discourse that appeared as something truthful and justified both of them. Capitalism turned techniques of bio-power and its penetrating control of body into a market principle. Bio-power created a discourse in which the normal way of living, the normal condition of the human body, and the normal character of classes were defined so that the alienated bodies in capitalist production were seen not as miserable, but normal and even desirable. Thus, the social discourses imposed by capitalism and bio-power, which designated a normalized and seemingly truthful notion of body, interactively helped to conceal the wretched conditions and subjugation they brought.Q."... alienated bodies in capitalist production were seen not as miserable, but normal and even desirable." From this it can be inferred that the author is LEAST likely to agree with which of the following statements?

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    DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer?
    Question Description
    DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer? for CAT 2025 is part of CAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CAT exam syllabus. Information about DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer?.
    Solutions for DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CAT Exam by signing up for free.
    Here you can find the meaning of DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice DIRECTIONS for the question: The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer: Competition is the driving force behind the real benefits such systems achieve, but the logic of competition also imprisons its players to stay within their roles. Liberal democracy is like capitalism, a game designed to make its players compete against each other for points and prizes. As a result, democracies are surprisingly vulnerable to take over, as we have seen from the recent examples of Turkey, Hungary, and India. It is no ones job to defend the system of rules governing that competition.Correct answer is '2143'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CAT tests.
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