Introduction:
Hybridization is a concept that explains the bonding and geometrical arrangements of atoms in a molecule. It is an important concept in organic chemistry to predict the properties of a molecule. In hybridization, we count the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs on the central atom to determine its hybridization.

Lone Pair on Carbon Atom:
Carbon is a tetravalent element that can form four sigma bonds in a molecule. In some cases, carbon can also have a lone pair of electrons. A lone pair refers to the two electrons that are not involved in bonding and are present in an atom's outermost shell. When carbon has a lone pair, it means that there are only three sigma bonds on the carbon atom.

Counting Hybridization:
To count hybridization, we look at the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs on the central atom in a molecule. The general formula for hybridization is:

Hybridization = number of sigma bonds + number of lone pairs

When carbon has a lone pair, we consider it as one of the factors in hybridization. Therefore, the hybridization of carbon with a lone pair is sp3.

Explanation:
The hybridization of an atom in a molecule is determined by the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs present on the central atom. When carbon has a lone pair, we consider it as one of the factors in hybridization. This is because a lone pair takes up space and affects the geometry of the molecule. Therefore, the hybridization of carbon with a lone pair is sp3, which means that it has four hybrid orbitals.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, when counting hybridization, we consider the number of sigma bonds and lone pairs on the central atom. When the carbon atom has a lone pair, we count it as one of the factors in hybridization. Therefore, the hybridization of carbon with a lone pair is sp3. The concept of hybridization is important in predicting the properties of a molecule, and understanding it is essential in organic chemistry.

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