Mortality rates provide crucial information about the number of deaths occurring within a specific population. It helps in assessing the impact of diseases, identifying trends, and designing public health interventions.


- Incidence rate indicates the number of new cases of a disease occurring within a specific population over a given time period. It helps in understanding the risk of contracting a particular disease.
- Prevalence rate represents the proportion of individuals affected by a disease at a specific point in time. It aids in estimating the burden of a disease in a population.


Case fatality rate measures the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a specific disease who die from it. It assists in evaluating the severity and outcome of diseases.


- Disease surveillance data involves the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data. It helps in monitoring the occurrence and spread of diseases, identifying outbreaks, and evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures.
- Notifiable disease data focuses on tracking diseases that are legally required to be reported to public health authorities. It aids in early detection and response to outbreaks.


- Identifying and understanding risk factors associated with diseases is crucial for prevention and management. Epidemiological data on risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, genetic predispositions, etc., provide valuable insights.
- Risk assessment involves evaluating the likelihood of disease occurrence based on individual or population characteristics. It aids in developing targeted interventions and promoting health behaviors.


Monitoring vaccine coverage and immunization rates is vital to assess the effectiveness of immunization programs, identify gaps, and plan targeted interventions. It helps in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.


Understanding the social determinants of health and health inequalities is essential for addressing disparities in health outcomes. Epidemiological data on socio-economic status, education, access to healthcare, etc., helps in formulating policies and interventions to improve health equity.


Data from outbreak investigations provides valuable insights into the source, mode of transmission, and risk factors associated with disease outbreaks. It aids in implementing control measures and preventing further spread.

In conclusion, being familiar with important medical statistics and epidemiological data is crucial for medical science optional. It helps in understanding disease patterns, assessing disease burden, identifying risk factors, planning interventions, and evaluating the effectiveness of healthcare strategies.