Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?[2010 (T-1)]a)Extensive cultivationb)Deforestationc)Overgrazingd)Over-irrigationCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

I think Punjab is the land of five rivers so that there is a lot of water which is access by the farmers so that by over irrigation land Degradation is happen in Punjab

Answer

Over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging which leads to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil . waterlogging is a major issue in Punjab, Haryana and UP

Answer

Flooding of land also play the role of land degradation in Punjab

Answer

Over-irrigation as the main cause of land degradation in Punjab:
1. Excessive waterlogging: Over-irrigation leads to waterlogging in the soil, which reduces the porosity of the soil and decreases oxygen availability for plant roots. This results in poor root growth, nutrient uptake, and ultimately affects crop productivity.
2. Salinization: Continuous irrigation without proper drainage can lead to the accumulation of salts in the soil. This salinization hinders plant growth as high salt concentrations can be toxic to plants.
3. Groundwater depletion: Over-irrigation can lead to excessive pumping of groundwater, causing a decline in the water table. This not only affects the availability of water for agriculture but also results in land subsidence, making the land less productive over time.
4. Soil erosion: Excessive irrigation can also contribute to soil erosion as the water can wash away the topsoil, which is rich in nutrients essential for plant growth. This can lead to decreased soil fertility and productivity.
5. Impact on biodiversity: Over-irrigation can also affect the natural habitats and biodiversity in the region. It can alter the natural water flow patterns, leading to disruptions in the ecosystem and affecting wildlife.
In conclusion, over-irrigation in Punjab has led to various forms of land degradation, impacting agricultural productivity, soil fertility, groundwater levels, and biodiversity. It is crucial to implement sustainable irrigation practices to mitigate these negative impacts and ensure the long-term health of the land.

Answer

Yes . I think over- irrigation is the correct answer. As water is extensively provided to the farmers of punjab by five rivers , it is used excessively by the farmers.Moreover, overgrazing is mainly done in gujarat ,maharashtra and MP.

Answer

Main Cause of Land Degradation in Punjab: Over-irrigation

Land degradation refers to the deterioration of land quality and the reduction of its productivity. In Punjab, the main cause of land degradation is over-irrigation. Over-irrigation occurs when more water is applied to the land than is required by crops, leading to the leaching of nutrients and the accumulation of salts in the soil.

Effects of Over-irrigation on Land Degradation:

Salinization: Excessive irrigation causes the water table to rise, bringing salt to the surface. As the water evaporates, the salt is left behind, leading to salinization of the soil. This makes the land unsuitable for agriculture.

Waterlogging: Over-irrigation can result in waterlogging, where the water table rises too close to the surface, saturating the soil. This deprives plant roots of oxygen and leads to poor crop growth.

Leaching: Excessive irrigation can cause nutrients to be washed away from the root zone of plants, leading to nutrient deficiencies and reduced soil fertility.

Erosion: Over-irrigation can increase soil erosion as the excess water can wash away the topsoil, which is rich in nutrients and organic matter.

Other Factors Contributing to Land Degradation in Punjab:

Extensive cultivation: Intensive and continuous cultivation of the same crop in Punjab has led to the depletion of nutrients in the soil, reduced soil fertility, and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.

Deforestation: Clearing forests for agriculture and urbanization has resulted in soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and decreased water-holding capacity of the soil.

Overgrazing: Uncontrolled grazing by livestock can lead to soil compaction, erosion, and the destruction of vegetation, contributing to land degradation.

Overall, while factors such as extensive cultivation, deforestation, and overgrazing also contribute to land degradation in Punjab, over-irrigation is identified as the main cause. Implementing appropriate irrigation management practices and promoting sustainable agricultural practices can help mitigate land degradation and ensure the long-term productivity of the land.

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