Jallianwala Bagh is a public garden in Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is a site of great historical significance as it was the location of a brutal massacre that occurred on April 13, 1919. The massacre was carried out by British Indian Army soldiers under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer.

Background

- The massacre was a consequence of the Rowlatt Act, which had been passed by the British government in 1919 to curb political unrest in India.
- The act allowed the British authorities to arrest and detain anyone suspected of sedition without trial.
- This sparked outrage among the Indian population, who saw it as an attack on their civil liberties.

The Massacre

- On April 13, 1919, a large crowd of unarmed protesters had gathered in Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the Rowlatt Act.
- The crowd included men, women, and children, and they had no weapons or means of defense.
- Colonel Dyer arrived at the scene with a group of soldiers and without warning, ordered his men to open fire on the unarmed crowd.
- The firing continued for around 10 minutes, resulting in the deaths of around 400 people and injuring over a thousand others.

Impact

- The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a turning point in India's struggle for independence from British rule.
- It galvanized the Indian population and led to widespread protests and civil disobedience.
- It also led to the formation of the Indian National Congress and the Non-Cooperation Movement.
- The massacre is considered a dark chapter in India's history and is widely condemned for its brutality and disregard for human life.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a tragic event that had a profound impact on India's struggle for independence. The site is now a national monument and serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by those who fought for India's freedom.

Answer:-
i) On 13 April the infamous Jallianwalla Bagh incident took place.
ii) On that day a large crowd gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwalla Bagh.
iii) Some came to protest against the government's new repressive measures.
iv) Others had come to attend the annual Baisakhi fair.
v) Being from outside the city, many villagers were unaware of the martial law that had been imposed.
vi) Duet entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds.
vii) His object, as he declared later, was to 'produce a moral effect', to create in the minds of satyagrahid a feeling of terror and awe.

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