Correct sequence of noncyclic photophosphorylation is ____a)photosyste...
Noncyclic photophosphorylation is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. It occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and involves two photosystems, photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI). The correct sequence of noncyclic photophosphorylation is as follows:
Photosystem II:
- Absorption of light energy by PSII pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids)
- Excitation of electrons in the pigments to a higher energy level
- Transfer of the excited electrons to the reaction center chlorophyll a molecule
- Oxidation of water molecules to release electrons, protons (H+), and oxygen gas (O2)
- Transfer of electrons from the reaction center chlorophyll a to the electron transport chain (ETC) in the thylakoid membrane
- Generation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane by pumping H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen
- Production of ATP by ATP synthase enzyme using the energy of the proton gradient
NADPH Production:
- Absorption of light energy by PSI pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids)
- Excitation of electrons in the pigments to a higher energy level
- Transfer of the excited electrons to the reaction center chlorophyll a molecule
- Transfer of electrons from the reaction center chlorophyll a to the electron carrier protein ferredoxin (Fd) in the stroma
- Transfer of electrons from Fd to the enzyme NADP+ reductase, which uses them to reduce NADP+ to NADPH
- Transfer of ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle in the stroma to power the synthesis of organic molecules
Photosystem I:
- Absorption of light energy by PSI pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids)
- Excitation of electrons in the pigments to a higher energy level
- Transfer of the excited electrons to the reaction center chlorophyll a molecule
- Transfer of electrons from the reaction center chlorophyll a to the electron transport chain (ETC) in the thylakoid membrane
- Generation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane by pumping H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen
- Production of ATP by ATP synthase enzyme using the energy of the proton gradient
Therefore, the correct sequence of noncyclic photophosphorylation is photosystem II, NADPH production, photosystem I, and ATP production.