The correct answer is c) Pervez Musharraf.

Explanation:
In 1999, Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in Pakistan. Here is a detailed explanation of the events leading up to the coup and its aftermath:

Background:
- Pakistan, a country in South Asia, has a history of military coups and political instability.
- In 1999, the Prime Minister of Pakistan was Nawaz Sharif, who belonged to the Pakistan Muslim League (N) party.
- Nawaz Sharif's government was facing several challenges, including a struggling economy, corruption allegations, and tensions with the military.

The Coup:
- In October 1999, Nawaz Sharif attempted to remove General Pervez Musharraf from his position as Chief of Army Staff and appointed Lieutenant General Ziauddin Butt in his place.
- This decision was seen as a direct challenge to the military's power and authority.
- General Musharraf, who was in Sri Lanka at the time, refused to step down and instead initiated a military coup to remove Nawaz Sharif from power.
- On October 12, 1999, Musharraf's forces took control of the country, overthrowing the civilian government.

Aftermath:
- Following the coup, General Pervez Musharraf declared himself the Chief Executive of Pakistan, suspending the constitution and assuming executive powers.
- Musharraf's government promised to restore democracy and address the issues faced by the country, including corruption and economic instability.
- He initiated a series of reforms, including the establishment of the National Reconstruction Bureau and the National Accountability Bureau, to tackle corruption and improve governance.
- Musharraf also introduced the "enlightened moderation" policy, which aimed to counter extremism and promote a more moderate and tolerant form of Islam.
- However, his rule was criticized for being authoritarian, and he faced opposition from various political parties and civil society organizations.
- Musharraf served as the President of Pakistan from 2001 to 2008 before stepping down due to mounting pressure and threats of impeachment.

In conclusion, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup in Pakistan in 1999, overthrowing the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Musharraf then assumed power as the Chief Executive of Pakistan and later served as the President of the country until 2008.