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8251A USART INTERFACING WITH 8086
PROGRAMMING THE 8251A
Prior to starting a data transmission or reception, the 8251A must be loaded with a set of control words generated by the microprocessor. These control signals define the complete functional definition of the 8251A and must immediately follow a reset operation (internal or external). The control words are split into two formats.
- Mode instruction
- Command instruction
Mode instruction: Mode instruction is used for setting the function of the 8251A. Mode instruction will be in "wait for write" at either internal reset or external reset. That is, the writing of a control word after resetting will be recognized as a "mode instruction."
Items set by mode instruction are as follows:
- Synchronous/asynchronous mode
- Stop bit length (asynchronous mode)
- Character length • Parity bit
- Baud rate factor (asynchronous mode)
- Internal/external synchronization (synchronous mode)
- Number of synchronous characters (Synchronous mode)
The bit configuration of mode instruction format is shown in Figures below. In the case of synchronous mode, it is necessary to write one-or two byte sync characters. If sync characters were written, a function will be set because the writing of sync characters constitutes part of
Fig. Mode instruction format, Synchronous mode
Command Instruction: Command is used for setting the operation of the 8251. It is possible to write a command whenever necessary after writing a mode instruction and sync characters.
Items to be set by command are as follows:
- Transmit Enable/Disable
- Receive Enable/Disable
- DTR, RTS Output of data.
- Resetting of error flag.
- Sending to break characters
- Internal resetting
- Hunt mode (synchronous mode)
Status Word: It is possible to see the internal status of the 8251 by reading a status word. The format of status word is shown below.
Fig. Status word
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FAQs on 8251a usart Interfacing With 8086 - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)
| 1. What is USART and how does it interface with the 8086 processor? |  |
Ans. USART stands for Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. It is a device used for serial communication between a microcontroller or microprocessor and other devices or systems. To interface USART with the 8086 processor, we need to connect the appropriate control and data lines of the USART with the corresponding pins of the 8086. The data lines transmit and receive the data, while the control lines handle the synchronization and control signals.
| 2. What are the advantages of using USART for communication with the 8086 processor? | |
Ans. USART offers several advantages for communication with the 8086 processor. Firstly, it supports both synchronous and asynchronous communication modes, providing flexibility in data transfer. Secondly, it allows for full-duplex communication, enabling simultaneous transmission and reception of data. Additionally, USART supports various data formats, such as 7 or 8-bit data length, parity bit, and stop bits, allowing compatibility with different communication protocols.
| 3. How can the 8086 processor communicate with external devices using USART? | |
Ans. The 8086 processor communicates with external devices using USART through its I/O ports. The processor sends control signals and data to the USART's control and data registers, respectively, by writing to the specific I/O port addresses assigned to the USART. Similarly, it can read the status and received data from the USART by reading from the corresponding I/O port addresses. By manipulating these I/O port addresses and their associated control and data registers, the 8086 processor can establish communication with external devices via USART.
| 4. What is the role of the 8251A USART in the 8086 system? | |
Ans. The 8251A USART is a popular choice for interfacing with the 8086 processor. Its primary role is to provide serial communication capabilities to the 8086 system. It acts as an intermediary between the processor and external devices, converting parallel data from the processor into serial data for transmission and converting received serial data into parallel data for the processor to process. The 8251A USART also handles various control signals and synchronization for reliable data transfer.
| 5. How can the 8086 processor control the data transfer rate using USART? | |
Ans. The 8086 processor can control the data transfer rate using USART by configuring the baud rate generator (BRG) of the 8251A USART. The BRG generates the clock signal required for synchronous data transfer. By setting the appropriate values in the BRG's control registers, the processor can adjust the clock frequency and, consequently, the data transfer rate. The processor can choose a baud rate that matches the communication requirements of the external device, ensuring reliable and synchronized data transfer.
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