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Rules of Adverbs
An Adverb a word which modifies a verb or an adjectives or another adverb.
FOR EXAMPLE
In the example above ‘danced’ is a verb which is being modified by the adverb “beautifully”.
In the example above ‘beautiful’ is an adjective which is being modified by an adverb ‘very’.
KINDS OF ADVERBS
1. ADVERBS OF MANNER
Adverbs of Manner tell us the manner or the way in which something happens. They answer the Question ‘How?’ Adverbs of Manner mainly modify verbs.
2. ADVERBS OF PLACE
Adverbs of place tell us the place where something happens. They answer the question ‘where?’ An adverb of place mainly modifies verbs.
3. ADVERBS OF TIME
Adverbs of time tell us something about the time that something happens. They answer the question ‘when?’ Adverbs of Time mainly modify verbs.
4. ADVERBS OF DEGREE
Adverbs of degree tell us the degree or extent to which something happens. They answer the question ’how much?’ or ‘to what degree?’ Adverbs of degree can modify verbs, Adjectives or other Adverbs.
5. ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Adverbs of frequency tell us how many times the action occurs or occurred or will occur. Examples: Rarely, daily, sometimes, often, seldom, usually, frequently, always, ever,
generally, monthly, yearly.
COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
There are three degrees of comparison in adverbs the positive, the comparative, the superlative. The adverbs form their comparatives and superlatives using -er and -est and more and most. Adverbs that end in -ly use the words more and most to form their comparatives abd superlatives.
The one-syllable adverbs use -er in the comparative form and -est in the superlative form.
Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Early | Earlier | Earliest |
Fast | Faster | Fastest |
Hard | Harder | hardest |
High | Higher | Highest |
Late | Later | Latest |
Hot | Hotter | hottest |
Loud | Louder | Loudest |
Near | Nearer | Nearest |
Soon | Sooner | Soonest |
Adverbs which end in-ly or have three or ‘more’ syllables each form the comparative with more and the superlative with ‘most’.
Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Angrily | More angrily | Most angrily |
Brightly | More brightly | Most brightly |
Dimly | More dimly | Most dimly |
Freely | More freely | Most freely |
Gladly | More gladly | Most gladly |
Heavily | More heavily | Most heavily |
Loudly | More loudly | Most loudly |
Quietly | More quietly | Most quietly |
Sweetly | More sweetly | Most sweetly |
Terribly | More terribly | Most terribly |
The comparative form is used to compare two things.
Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Badly | Worse (than) | Worst (the) |
Far | Farther | Farthest |
Far | Further | Furthest |
Little | Less | Least |
Much/many | More | Most |
Well | Better | Best |
Examples:
• Of the two teddy bears, which do you like better?
• This has to be the farthest I have ever walked in my life.
Forms of Adverbs
There are three forms of adverbs: adverbs formed by adding -ly to an adjective, adverbs that share identical words with an adjective, and adverbs not derived from an adjective or any other word.
1. Most adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective
2. Adverbs that share identical words with an adjective
3. Adverbs such as as, even, how, never, next, now, rather, so, soon, still, then, too, etc. are not derived from an adjective or any other word.
He doesn't even know where the Pacific Ocean is.
He said he had never been to a circus.
She has got rather a lot of money to spend at this time of the month.
She has eaten two big pizzas and is still hungry
4. Converting a number of adjectives to adverbs by adding -ly entails removing a letter as shown in the following:
5. Adverbs are also formed from other parts of speech such as noun (accident)and verb (hurry), and from present participle (frightening).
Positions of Adverbs
Adverbs occupy different positions in a sentence.
1. At the beginning of a sentence before the subject
Sometimes she gives me a lift to work.
Fortunately we got home before it started to rain.
Suddenly all the lights went out.
2. After the auxiliary verb and before the main verb
The father was tragically killed in a road accident.
We do occasionally go bird-watching.
The rain has already stopped when we arrived.
3. After the auxiliary verb (be) that is used as the main verb
She is always quick to point out other people's faults.
As usual, they are very late.
The boys were incredibly lucky to be alive after what happened.
4. Before the main verb if there is no auxiliary verb
Their parents often go to the cinema.
She reluctantly agreed to his proposals.
Your fat uncle accidentally knocked my vase of fresh flowers over.
5. After the main verb if there is no auxiliary verb
The sisters dressed beautifully for the occasion.
The tourist looked carefully at the antique before she bought it.
She spoke loudly to the crowd on women's issues.
6. At the end of a sentence
He admitted punching and kicking the man repeatedly.
Our old neighbor fell and hurt her leg badly.
Hey, you have not pronounced my name correctly.
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