Table of contents | |
Agriculture | |
Animal Husbandry | |
Plant Breeding | |
Vaccination |
Originating from the Latin words "ager" (field) and "cultura" (cultivation), agriculture refers to the science of producing crops and livestock from the earth's natural resources.
This branch of agriculture focuses on the production of field crops and soil management. Farming is the practice of growing and managing agricultural crops, and various farming systems are employed by farmers.
Farming Systems:
The production of improved seeds is crucial in agriculture, with various types such as breeder's seed, foundation seed, and certified seeds produced through different technologies. The National Seeds Policy, 2002, aims to increase agricultural productivity through policy frameworks and programmatic interventions to stimulate varietal development of seeds.
Multinational corporations (MNCs) provide quality seeds for agriculture, but there is a demand-supply gap for quality seeds, particularly for low-value, high-volume crops.
Seasonal Crops:
Integrates trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock to use the interactive benefits of this combination.
Sustainable Agriculture: Emphasizes organic methods of fertilizer production, such as vermi composting (using worms to convert organic waste into nutrient-rich fertilizer) and green manure (growing manure crops like legumes and then incorporating them into the soil).
Agricultural products can be obtained, processed, and marketed for commercial use.
The rearing of honey bees for honey and wax. Honey bees also aid in pollination, enhancing crop production. Common Indian honey bee species include Apis mellifera, Apis florea, Apis cerana, and Apis dorsata.
Animal husbandry is the science of rearing, caring, feeding, breeding, improvement and utilisation of domesticated animals.
Milch Breeds:
Drought Breeds:
General Utility Breeds:
Buffalo Breeds:
Common Names and Areas of Availability:
Sheep Breeds and Distribution:
Goat Breeds and Distribution:
Pig Breeds and Distribution:
Camel Breeds and Distribution:
For the production of high yielding varieties of animals, various processes of breeding are used. To overcome infertility among animals (including humans) the methods like embryo transfer and artificial insemination are employed.
Improved or Exotic Breeds: Refers to modern and exotic breeds of chickens such as Polymoth Rock, Wyandotte, New Hampshire, Rhode Island Red (American breeds); Brahma, Cochin, Langshan (Asiatic breeds); and Sussex, Cornish, Dorking, Repcap (English breeds). The first cross between a pure hen and a pure cock is the best for egg laying but should not be used for further breeding.
The primary goal of plant breeding is to develop improved crop varieties that are commercially successful, making them more desirable both agronomically and economically. Various methods are used in plant breeding to enhance plant varieties, including plant introduction, selection, and hybridization.
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1. How does plant breeding contribute to improving crop yield and quality? |
2. What are the benefits of vaccination in animal husbandry? |
3. How can agriculture be sustainable in the long run? |
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