Application of ICT in research - Research Aptitude Notes

Overview

The application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in research refers to the utilization of advanced digital tools and technologies to support and enhance the research process. 

• ICTs are essential for enabling researchers to explore new and innovative opportunities that would not be possible with standard desktop computers or general-purpose IT technology. 
• As the knowledge base rapidly evolves, researchers must adapt to these changes and leverage ICT tools to facilitate knowledge gathering and resource development.

Importance of ICT in Research

ICT tools significantly ease the process of gathering and managing knowledge, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of researchers. The primary ways ICT tools assist researchers include:

1. Data Collection

• Efficiency: Using computers, the internet, and modern technologies, data collection becomes simpler and less time-consuming compared to manual methods.
• Access: Researchers can easily access data available online, including government portals and other sources, such as census data from Data.gov.in or e-books and manuscripts.

2. Data Storage

• Versatility: Data can be stored for present and future use using various methods, including spreadsheets, cloud servers, and Google Drive.
• Software: Software like Microsoft Excel, Oracle, and SQL facilitate data storage, and secure access can be ensured through login credentials.

3. Data Processing

• Speed: ICT tools can process large amounts of data quickly, a task that would be highly time-consuming if done manually.
• Tools: Tools are available for processing numerical data (e.g., finding averages and standard deviations) and non-numerical data using data analysis software.

4. Data Interpretation

• Visualization: ICT can interpret data in various visual formats such as pie charts, bar graphs, and histograms, making it easier to understand and interpret.

5. Dissemination of Research Findings

• Publishing: Researchers can publish their research papers on various e-portals, e-journals, and e-magazines, reaching a global audience for discussion and feedback. Shodhganga is an example of such a platform in India.

Role of Computers in Different Phases of Research

1. Literature Review

• Search and Storage: Computers facilitate the search for literature and bibliographic references stored in electronic databases. Relevant articles can be stored and retrieved as needed.

2. Sample Size Calculation

• Software: Several software programs are available to calculate the required sample size for a study. For example, NCSS-PASS-GESS uses data from pilot studies to determine sample size.

3. Empirical Phase

• Data Management: During data collection and preparation, data can be stored in word files or excel spreadsheets. Computers allow for easy corrections and edits, which is more flexible and less time-consuming than manual methods.

4. Data Analysis Phase

• Statistical Analysis: Various software programs are available for statistical analysis and interpretation of data, handling the mathematical aspects of research.

5. Research Dissemination Phase

• Publication: Research articles can be typed in word format, converted to PDF, and published online, making them accessible to a broader audience.

Main Tools of Computer Research

Spreadsheet

• Functionality: A spreadsheet is a computer application that mimics a paper worksheet, displaying multiple cells in a grid format. Each cell can contain text or numeric values.
• Uses: Spreadsheets are powerful tools for data analysis and creating graphical presentations of questionnaire data. Microsoft Excel and Lotus 1-2-3 are popular examples.

Word Processor Package

• Function: Word processors are ICT applications used for writing, editing, formatting, and producing printable material. Examples include Microsoft Word and WordPerfect.
• Benefits: Word processors make text editing easier and allow documents to be stored on disk for easy retrieval and reuse.

Database Management Packages (DBMS)

• Function: DBMS is software designed to manage databases, which are organized collections of information. Examples include Microsoft Access and Visual FoxPro.
• Uses: DBMS is useful for creating and maintaining databases, running queries, and generating reports.

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)

• Purpose: SPSS is used for complex statistical data analysis, capable of handling large sets of variable data formats.
• Functions: SPSS offers data transformation, regression analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA, and T-tests. It is widely used in fields such as business, education, and medicine.

Web Browser

• Function: A web browser is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. It allows users to interact with text, images, videos, music, and other web content.
• Examples: Popular web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape Navigator, Opera, and Google Chrome.

Conclusion

The application of ICT in research enhances every phase of the research process, from data collection and storage to analysis and dissemination. By leveraging various ICT tools, researchers can improve the efficiency, accuracy, and impact of their work, staying abreast of the rapidly evolving knowledge base.