Applications - Civil Engineering (CE) PDF Download

Applications:
(1) Communication:
Optical fibers are used in communication to transmit signals for long distances. An optical signal derived from electrical analog signal is transmitted through the optical fiber. At the other end again the optical signal is converted into electrical signal.

Applications - Civil Engineering (CE)

For example: 
First voice is converted into electrical signal using a transducer. It is digitized using a Coder. The digitized signal, which carries the voice information, is fed to an optical transmitter. The light source in optical transmitter (L E D or Laser Diode) emits modulated light, which is transmitted through optical fiber.

At the other end the modulated light signal is detected by a photo detector and is decoded using a decoder. Finally the information is converted into analog electrical signal and is fed to a loud speaker, which converts the signal to voice (sound).

(2) Fiber Endoscope:
Endoscope is an optical instrument used to visualize or photograph Human internal body parts. The light needed for photographing the part is carried by the optical fiber.

(3) Optical fibers are used in local area networks.

(4) They are used in Data Links. Advantages:
(1) Optical fibers can carry very large amounts of information in either digital or analog form.
(2) The raw material for optical fiber is of low cost and abundant.
(3) It has low cost /meter/ channel.
(4) Cables are very compact.
(5) Signals are protected from radiation from lightning or sparking.
(6) There is no energy radiation from fiber.
(7) No sparks are generated.

Disadvantages: 
(1) The optical connectors are very costly.
(2) Maintenance cost is high.
(3) They cannot be bent too sharply.
(4) They under go structural changes with temperature.

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FAQs on Applications - Civil Engineering (CE)

1. What is the significance of applications in the context of computing?
Applications in computing, also known as computer programs or software, are designed to perform specific tasks or functions on electronic devices. They enable users to perform various activities such as word processing, gaming, accessing the internet, editing photos/videos, and much more. Applications are essential for enhancing the functionality and usability of computers, smartphones, and other electronic devices.
2. How are applications developed?
Applications are developed through a process known as software development. It involves several steps, including planning, designing, coding, testing, and deployment. Developers use programming languages and development tools to write the code for the application, which is then compiled or interpreted to create the executable file. The development process may also involve debugging, refining, and optimizing the application for better performance and user experience.
3. What are the different types of applications?
There are various types of applications available, each serving a specific purpose. Some common types include: - System software: These applications control and manage the computer's hardware and software resources, such as operating systems, device drivers, and utilities. - Productivity software: These applications help users create, edit, and manage documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and other office-related tasks. - Entertainment software: These applications include games, multimedia players, and virtual reality experiences designed for leisure and entertainment purposes. - Communication software: These applications facilitate communication between individuals or groups, such as email clients, instant messaging apps, and video conferencing tools. - Utility software: These applications provide additional functionality or tools to enhance system performance, security, or maintenance, such as antivirus software, disk cleaners, and file compression tools.
4. How do I install applications on different devices?
The process of installing applications may vary depending on the device and operating system. Here are some general steps: - For computers: Most applications can be installed by downloading the installation file from the developer's website or an app store and running it. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation process. - For smartphones and tablets: Applications can be installed from the device's app store (e.g., Google Play Store for Android, App Store for iOS). Open the app store, search for the desired application, and tap on the "Install" or "Get" button. The application will be downloaded and automatically installed on your device. - For smart TVs and other devices: The installation process may vary depending on the specific device. Refer to the user manual or manufacturer's instructions for guidance on installing applications.
5. How can I update applications on my device?
To update applications on your device, follow these steps: - For computers: Most applications have an automatic update feature that notifies you when updates are available. You can also manually check for updates within the application's settings or preferences menu. Click on the update prompt or follow the instructions to download and install the latest version. - For smartphones and tablets: Open the device's app store and go to the "Updates" or "My apps" section. Here, you will find a list of applications that have updates available. Tap on the "Update" button next to each application to install the latest version. - For smart TVs and other devices: The update process may vary depending on the device. Look for a "Settings" or "System" menu on your device and navigate to the "Software Update" or "Firmware Update" section. Follow the on-screen instructions to check for and install updates for your applications.
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