Arrangement of Mammalian Internal Organ | Biology for JAMB PDF Download

Introduction

The internal organs of mammals are strategically arranged within their body cavities to ensure efficient functioning and support vital life processes. This note aims to provide an informative overview of the arrangement of mammalian internal organs as per the JAMB Biology exam requirements.

The Thoracic Cavity

The thoracic cavity is located in the upper trunk region and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm. It houses vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

• Heart: The heart is positioned in the mediastinum, which is the central area of the thoracic cavity. It is slightly inclined towards the left side of the body and is protected by the ribcage. The heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles, which work together to pump blood throughout the body.
• Lungs: The lungs are paired organs situated on either side of the heart. They play a crucial role in respiration by extracting oxygen from the inhaled air and eliminating carbon dioxide. The lungs are surrounded by the ribcage and protected by the pleural membrane.

The Abdominal Cavity

The abdominal cavity is located below the thoracic cavity and contains several important organs involved in digestion, excretion, and reproduction.

• Stomach: The stomach is positioned in the upper-left region of the abdominal cavity. It receives food from the esophagus and plays a key role in the initial stages of digestion by mechanically churning and chemically breaking down the food.
• Liver: The liver is the largest glandular organ in mammals and is located in the upper-right region of the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm. It performs numerous vital functions, including detoxification, metabolism, and the production of bile for digestion.
• Intestines: The small and large intestines are situated in the lower abdomen. The small intestine is responsible for further digestion and nutrient absorption, while the large intestine absorbs water and forms feces.
• Kidneys: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine in the lower back region. They filter blood, remove waste products, regulate fluid balance, and play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.
• Reproductive Organs: The reproductive organs in mammals vary between males and females. In males, the testes are located outside the abdominal cavity within the scrotum, while the penis is positioned internally. In females, the ovaries are located within the abdominal cavity, and the uterus and vagina are positioned in the pelvic region.

Conclusion

The arrangement of mammalian internal organs is highly organized and plays a critical role in maintaining the overall health and functioning of the organism. Understanding the positioning and function of these organs is essential for comprehending various biological processes. This note provides a concise overview of the arrangement of mammalian internal organs, which is an important topic for the JAMB Biology exam.