A managerial principle is a broad and general guideline for decision making and behaviour. Management principles are not as rigid as principles of pure science.
Principles of management | Techniques of management |
Principles are guidelines. | Techniques are procedures or methods. |
It helps to take a decision or action while Practicing techniques. | It involved a series of steps to be taken to accomplish desired goals. |
Nature of Principles of Management•
Universal applicability: The principles of management are universal in nature that means they can be applied to all types of organisations, business as well as non-business, small as well large, public sector as well as private sector irrespective of their size and nature.
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General guidelines: The principles of management are guidelines to action and solve the problems, but these principles do not provide a readymade solution for all the problems because real business situations are very complex and dynamic.
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Formed by practice and experimentation: The principles of management are formed by experience and deep research work.
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Flexible: The principles of management are not rigid they are flexible and can be modified by the manager when the situation so demands.
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Mainly behavioural: Management principles are formed to guide and influence the behaviour of employees.
• Cause and Effect Relationship: Management principles are based on cause and effect that means these principles are used in a similar situation in a large number of cases.
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Contingent: The application of principles of management is contingent or dependent upon the prevailing situation at a particular point of time. They may be changed according to the situation.
Significance of Principles of ManagementThese principles guide managers in taking and implementing decisions.
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Providing managers with useful insights into reality.
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Optimum utilisation of resources and effective administration.
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Scientific decision.
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Meeting changing environment requirements.
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Fulfilling social responsibility.
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Management training, education and research.
Principles of Scientific ManagementAccording to Taylor "Scientific management means knowing exactly what you want men to do and seeing that they do it in the best and cheapest way".
Scientific principles of management
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Science not Rule of Thumb.
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Harmony, Not Discord.
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Cooperation, Not individualism.
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Development of Each and Every Person to His or Her Greatest Efficiency and Prosperity.
Techniques of Scientific Management• Functional foremanship: In this technique, Taylor suggested that revolves the entire production in planning, implementation and control. Taylor advocated separation of planning and execution functions. This concept was extended to the lowest level of the shop floor.
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Planning Department
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Card clerk
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Route clerk
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Time and cost clerk
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Disciplinarian
(b) Operational Department
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Speed boss
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Gang boss
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Repair boss
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Inspector
• Standardisation and Simplification of work: Setting standards for every business activity like for process, raw material, time, product, machinery, methods or working condition.