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Carboxylic Acids | Chemistry for Grade 11 (IGCSE) PDF Download

Carboxylic Acids

  • Carboxylic acids, such as ethanoic acid, exhibit typical acid behavior
  • When reacting with metals, carboxylic acids form salts along with hydrogen gas
  • Interaction with carbonates leads to the formation of salts, water, and carbon dioxide gas
  • Neutralization reactions involving carboxylic acids result in the production of salt and water
  • Ethanoic acid, known as acetic acid, is essential in vinegar production, comprising approximately 5% of the solution
  • Salts derived from carboxylic acids typically end with the suffix "-anoate"
  • For instance, methanoic acid produces methanoate salt, while ethanoic acid yields ethanoate salt

Question for Carboxylic Acids
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Which of the following is a characteristic behavior of carboxylic acids?
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Example reactions of carboxylic acids

  • Ethanoic acid reacts with magnesium to form magnesium ethanoate and hydrogen gas:
    2CH3COOH + Mg → (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
  • When hydroxides react with carboxylic acids, a neutralisation reaction occurs, producing salt and water:
  • For instance, potassium hydroxide and propanoic acid yield potassium propanoate and water:
    CH3CH2COOH + KOH → CH3CH2COOK + H2O
  • In reactions with carbonates, a metal salt, water, and carbon dioxide are produced:
  • For example, potassium carbonate and butanoic acid yield potassium butanoate along with water and carbon dioxide:
    2CH3CH2CH2COOH + K2CO3 → 2CH3CH2CH2COOK + H2O + CO2
The document Carboxylic Acids | Chemistry for Grade 11 (IGCSE) is a part of the Grade 11 Course Chemistry for Grade 11 (IGCSE).
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FAQs on Carboxylic Acids - Chemistry for Grade 11 (IGCSE)

1. What are some example reactions of carboxylic acids?
Ans. Examples of reactions of carboxylic acids include esterification, decarboxylation, and neutralization with bases to form salts.
2. How do carboxylic acids react with carbonates?
Ans. Carboxylic acids react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas, water, and the corresponding carboxylate salt.
3. Can carboxylic acids undergo substitution reactions?
Ans. Yes, carboxylic acids can undergo substitution reactions where the -OH group is replaced by another functional group.
4. What is the reactivity of carboxylic acids compared to other organic compounds?
Ans. Carboxylic acids are more reactive than alkanes but less reactive than alkenes or alkynes due to the presence of the carboxyl group.
5. How do carboxylic acids differ from other organic acids like phenols?
Ans. Carboxylic acids contain a carboxyl group (-COOH) while phenols contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aromatic ring. Carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenols.
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