Chapter 1| Matter in our surrounding| Class 9 Science NCERT Video Lecture

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moving to the chapter the chapter name
is matter in our surrounding first of
all we will discuss what is matter
matter is the constant of particles
present in our universe it can be found
in five states this can further
classified in two types the fiber states
of matter are solid liquid gas plasma
and bose-einstein condensate the matter
is classified in two types according to
their physical properties and their
chemical properties now we will talk
about characteristic of states of matter
in this class we only have to study
about the statistics of three states
that is solid liquid and gases first we
will talk about volume solid have
definite volume liquid to have technique
volume while gases have indepted volume
the mass of soil is fixed and same
applies for liquid and gases the shape
of soil is definite while liquid and
gases acquire the shape of the container
in which it is kept the particles of
solid start
very closely packed per liquid have
laced closely packed particles the solid
and the gases have least closely packed
particles therefore the attraction
between the particles of solid is very
strong
while liquid have bigger attraction
between the particles than solid and the
attraction between the particles of
gases is negligible the particles of
solid and liquid are almost
incompressible that it cannot be
compressed
while the gases are highly compressible
the Floyd current flow by liquid and
gases can flow the solids have high
density while liquid have lower density
than solid and the density of gas is
very low the kinetic energy of particles
install it is list by liquid particles
have higher kinetic energy than solid
gaseous particles have very high kinetic
energy the diffusion in solid is very
slow while it could have fast efficient
than solid and the gases are very fast
efficient now we will talk about change
of a states of matter changing a state
of matter is get affected by changing
temperature and change in pressure
butter existing three estates in solid
it exists as ice in liquid as water and
in gas as water vapor
now we will talk about effect of
changing temperature on particles the
energy supplied by heat overcomes the
force of attraction between the
particles let us take particles which
are closely packed then heat applied on
it it gets dissociated due to this
supplied energy storage changes into
liquid state and liquid state changes
into gaseous state let us look at the
interconversion charged solid the state
changes into liquid state on heating and
the liquid state changes into gaseous
state on heating while gaseous state
reverse back into liquid state on
cooling and liquid state reverts back
into solid acted on cooling increasing
the temperature also increases the
kinetic energy transfer can directly
general vapor by a process called
sublimation when a storage made its
temperature remains the same because
heat gauge is used up in changing the
state by overcoming the force
attractions between the particles now we
look at some important terms first of
all we will look at melting point
melting point is associated with solid
the temperature axis aside milled to
become a liquid and the atmospheric
paper is coordinating one it is also
known as fusion now we will look at a
definition of boiling point the
temperature at least liquid starts
boiling at the atmospheric pressure is
called boiling point it is a bulk
phenomenon means it occurs in the whole
liquid now we will look at the
definition of latent heat of fusion
here it is fusion it means it is
associated with solid the amount of heat
energy that is required to change 1 kg
of a solid into liquid as atmospheric
pressure is called latent hint of fusion
the heat energy required to convert one
kilogram of liquid into gas as
atmospheric pressures as its boiling
point is called latent heat of
vaporization now we will study effect of
changing places on particles applying
pressure and reducing the temperature
can liquefy the gases carbon dioxide
gets converted directly into gaseous
state on decreasing the temperature to
one atmosphere without coming into
liquid state it is also known as dry ice
lowering the pacers also lowers the
kinetic energy let us look at the
conversion chart where solid gas and
liquid fuses and solid fight
normally lifted a evaporation the
phenomenon of changes of the liquid into
vapor at any temperature below its
boiling point is called evaporation it
is a surface phenomenon means it occurs
at the upper layer of the liquid not in
the whole layer it also causes cooling
effect novella study the increase in
debt of celebration and its causes the
rate of increasing evaporation are
caused by increase of surface area
increase of temperature decrease in
humidity and increase in wind speed at
last we will study about the fourth and
the fifth states of matter that is
plasma and both Einstein condensate
first we will look at plasma plasma
consists of super energetic particles
they are super excited means they have a
lot of energy in them it is found in
form of ionized gas fluorescent tube and
neon sign buzzes consist of plasma
plasma box created in stars because of
very high temperature normally look at
both Einstein condensate both Einstein
condensate form by cooling a gas of
extremely low density this particle is
named after the Indian physicist certain
the Nath Bose and Albert Einstein thank
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