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FAQs on Chapter 2 Fluid pressure measurement (manometer), Fluid Mechanics - Mechanical Engineering
| 1. What is a manometer and how does it measure fluid pressure? |  |
Ans. A manometer is a device used to measure fluid pressure. It typically consists of a U-shaped tube filled with a liquid, usually mercury or water, and connected to the fluid whose pressure needs to be measured. The pressure difference between the two ends of the U-tube causes the liquid to rise or fall in one of the arms, allowing the pressure to be determined based on the height difference.
| 2. What are the different types of manometers used in fluid pressure measurement? | |
Ans. There are several types of manometers used in fluid pressure measurement, including:
- U-tube manometer: This is the most common type, consisting of a U-shaped tube partially filled with a liquid.
- Inclined manometer: It is similar to the U-tube manometer, but the U-tube is inclined at an angle instead of being vertical.
- Well-type manometer: It has a reservoir or well connected to the tube, allowing for a larger range of pressure measurement.
- Bourdon tube manometer: This type uses a curved tube that expands or contracts with pressure changes, which is then converted into a measurement.
| 3. How do you calculate the pressure using a manometer? | |
Ans. The pressure can be calculated using a manometer by measuring the height difference of the liquid in the U-tube and applying the appropriate formula. For example, in a U-tube manometer, the pressure difference can be calculated using the equation P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the liquid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height difference of the liquid in the U-tube.
| 4. Can a manometer measure both positive and negative pressure? | |
Ans. Yes, a manometer can measure both positive and negative pressure. In a U-tube manometer, positive pressure is measured when the liquid in one arm of the U-tube is higher than the other arm, while negative pressure (vacuum) is measured when the liquid in one arm is lower than the other arm. The height difference of the liquid in the U-tube can be used to determine the magnitude of the pressure, regardless of its sign.
| 5. What are the advantages and limitations of using a manometer for fluid pressure measurement? | |
Ans. The advantages of using a manometer for fluid pressure measurement include its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and ability to measure both positive and negative pressures. Manometers are also highly accurate and reliable for most applications.
However, there are some limitations to consider. Manometers require a physical connection to the fluid being measured, which may not always be feasible. They also have limited range and may be affected by temperature changes and the properties of the liquid used. Additionally, some types of manometers, such as mercury-based ones, may pose safety concerns due to the toxicity of the liquid used.
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