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Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

Mechanical Engineering : Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

The document Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev is a part of the Mechanical Engineering Course Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical).

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Chapter 6

FLOW MEASUREMENT

Device	Measurement
Venturimeter	rate of flow (discharge)
Flow nozzle	rate of flow
Orifice meter	rate of flow
Bend meter	rate of flow
Rotameter	rate of flow
Pitot tube	velocity
Hot wire anemometer	air & gas velocity
Current meter	velocity in open channels

Venturimeter

Cone angle of convergence side (20°) is greater than cone angle of divergence side (5° to 7°).
Position of venturimeter does not play any role in discharge thus it is constant for horizontal, inclined or vertical position.

Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

Q_ac = C_d Q_th
C_d = coefficient of discharge = 0.95 to 0.98
h = venturi head which is difference between pressure heads

Throat diameter is known as size of the venturimenter.

Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

Orifice meter 

It is a cheaper arrangement but has more energy loss.

C_d for orifice meter = 0.68 - 0.74

Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

C_d for orifice meter = 0.68 - 0.74

a₁ = πd²/4

a₂ = πd_c²/4

Pitot Tube

It is based on principle of conversion of kinetic head into pressure head. The point at which velocity reduces zero is called stagnation point.

Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

For theoretical velocity, we do not multiply the equation by C.

Velocity head is indicated by the difference in liquid level between the Pitot tube and the piezometer. The Pitot tube measures the total head and therefore known as total head tube.

Hydraulic Coefficients

Contraction coefficient (Cc) =
Coefficient of velocity of (Cv) =
Coefficient of discharge (Cd) =
C_d = C_v.C_c

Flow through orifice in the tank
Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

Time required to lower the level from H to h

Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

Discharge through orifice when head over orifice is h

Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

Rectangular Weir/Notch

Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

L = length of crest H = head above crest 

Triangular weir

Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

Trapezoidal weir

Chapter 6 Flow Measurement - Fluid Mechanics, Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Notes | EduRev

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