Chapter 6 - Women and Sports, Chapter Notes, Class 12, Physical Education | Physical Education for Grade 12 PDF Download

Chapter 6 - Women and Sports, Chapter Notes, Class 12, Physical Education
  

Key Points :

• Sports participation of Women in India
• Special consideration (Menarche, Menstrual, Dysfunction, Pregnancy, Menopause)
• Female Athletes Triad (Anaemia, Osteoporosis & Amenorrhoea)
• Psychological Aspects of Women Athlete
• Sociological Aspects of Sports Participation
• Ideology

6.1 Sports Participation of Women in India
  

Reasons for the low rate of sports participation by women in India
 1. Gender equity & social attitude

1.  No parental encouragement
2.  Traditional society
3.  Less motivation and inspiration
4.  Women constraining other women

2. Lack of plans and initiatives for sportswomen by the Government

1.  Male dominant culture
2.  Less availability of women coaches
3.  No independent games facilities for women
4.  More emphasis on study
5.  Less competition

3. Economic Factors
 4. Social Customs and Rights
 5. Low Health Consciousness
 6. Stress on Academics
 7. Media Coverage
 8. Lack of Incentives & Career

1. Menarche:- “It is the first natural cycle and is a central event of female puberty”
2. Menstrual dis-function:- Painful and irregular menstrual cycle of women to be on the rise with the decreasing involvement of the women in the
 physical fitness and endurance sports
3. Pregnancy:- Pregnancy is the 9 months term when women need to care and nurture the growing fetus till childbirth. Heavy-duty training, too
 much physical exercise and any kind of impact or injury to the women can harm the baby and mother
4. Menopause:- Menopause marks the end of a woman’s reproductive era and is marked by the end of menstrual periods. The menopause leads to hormonal changes in the women’s body.

6.3 Female Athletes Triad (Anaemia, Osteoporosis & Amenorrhoea)
 “A sports woman is too little or exercises beyond limit three interrelated illness may develop. These are called Female Athlete Triad”
 1. Anemia:- Resulting from inadequate nutrition
 2. Osteoporosis:- Low bone mass
 3. Amenorrhoea:- Absence of menstrual period for more than 6 months The triad may cause a condition called “Stress Fracture”

6.4 Psychological aspects of women athlete
 1. More goal-oriented
 2. Psychological stronger
 3. Less aggressive
 4. Fast adaptation
 5. Image conscious
 6. Poise & confidence

6.5 Sociological aspects of sports participation
 1. Religious faith discourages women participation in sports
 2. llleteracy in society
 3. Biological inferiority
 4. Male dominance
 5. Lesser concentration to develop woman sports equipment & facilities
 6. Less competitive spectators for women's sports

6.6 Ideology
 An ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual
 1. Overall development of the students(female)
 1. Support enhancing the literacy rate of females in society
 2. Increase incentives
 3. Proper plans and initiatives by the government for female
 4. Proper media coverage
 5. Encouragement from family and society
 6. Provide required equipment and facilities for talented sports women
 7. Improve health consciousness for women
 8. Equal competitive environment for academics and sports

2. Environment:- Encouragement, love & security helps the children to take the risk to explore fearlessly and to know more about their surroundings, which leads to a better sensory development, healthy environment and inter-personal relationship leads to a good personality of a child.
3. Nutritious food promotes good motor development:- Sensory and  motor development depends on nutrition that the child gets to a great extent. Balanced nutritious food helps to develop stronger and healthier children.