Chapter 7 Diversity In Living Organisms - Class 9 PDF Download

 Page 1


Chapter 7 Diversity In Living Organisms 
Diversity – Various living organisms with different characteristics and features living in an area. 
Classification – Grouping of organisms on the basis of their similarities and differences. 
Advantages of classification: 
? Makes the study of millions of organisms present on Earth easier. 
? Gives interrelation and differences among various organisms. 
? Helps in systematic arrangement of millions of organisms. 
? Forms the basis of evolution of organisms. 
Hierarchy of Classification 
The broadest categories into which organisms are divided on basis of basic characters is kingdom. Kingdoms 
are further classified into order, which are then divided into family then genus and finally species. 
Kingdom 
 Phylum for animals and Division for plants 
  Class 
   Order 
    Family 
     Genus 
      Species 
Carolos Linnaeus gave two kingdom classification – Plantae and Animalia  
Robert Whittaker gave five kingdom classification. 
He classified all the organisms into five kingdoms: 
1. Monera 
2. Protista 
3. Fungi 
4. Plantae 
5. Animalia  
 
*All the organisms are divided into five kingdoms the following basis: 
1. If the organisms are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. 
2. If the eukaryotic organisms unicellular of multicellular. 
3. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms have cell wall or not. 
4. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms with cell wall perform photosynthesis or not. 
 
*For more clarity look the classification chart on next page  
Page 2


Chapter 7 Diversity In Living Organisms 
Diversity – Various living organisms with different characteristics and features living in an area. 
Classification – Grouping of organisms on the basis of their similarities and differences. 
Advantages of classification: 
? Makes the study of millions of organisms present on Earth easier. 
? Gives interrelation and differences among various organisms. 
? Helps in systematic arrangement of millions of organisms. 
? Forms the basis of evolution of organisms. 
Hierarchy of Classification 
The broadest categories into which organisms are divided on basis of basic characters is kingdom. Kingdoms 
are further classified into order, which are then divided into family then genus and finally species. 
Kingdom 
 Phylum for animals and Division for plants 
  Class 
   Order 
    Family 
     Genus 
      Species 
Carolos Linnaeus gave two kingdom classification – Plantae and Animalia  
Robert Whittaker gave five kingdom classification. 
He classified all the organisms into five kingdoms: 
1. Monera 
2. Protista 
3. Fungi 
4. Plantae 
5. Animalia  
 
*All the organisms are divided into five kingdoms the following basis: 
1. If the organisms are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. 
2. If the eukaryotic organisms unicellular of multicellular. 
3. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms have cell wall or not. 
4. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms with cell wall perform photosynthesis or not. 
 
*For more clarity look the classification chart on next page  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Monera 
? Unicellular 
? Are prokaryotes  
? Do not have true nucleus and membrane bound 
organelles 
? Some have cell others don’t 
? Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic 
? E.g. Blue green algae, Bacteria and mycoplasma. 
 
All the organisms 
Multicellular 
Unicellular 
Organisms that do not have a true nucleus 
Organisms that do not have a true nucleus 
Protista 
? Unicellular eukaryotes 
? Heave a true nucleus and membrane 
bound organelles. 
? Use appendages such as cilia or 
flagella for movement 
? Nutrition can be autotrophic or 
heterotrophic. 
? E.g. Unicellular algae, diatoms and 
Protozoans. 
 
 
 
 
Have Cell wall 
Do not have cell wall 
Perform Photosynthesis 
No photosynthesis 
Fungi 
Plantae 
Animalia 
Page 3


Chapter 7 Diversity In Living Organisms 
Diversity – Various living organisms with different characteristics and features living in an area. 
Classification – Grouping of organisms on the basis of their similarities and differences. 
Advantages of classification: 
? Makes the study of millions of organisms present on Earth easier. 
? Gives interrelation and differences among various organisms. 
? Helps in systematic arrangement of millions of organisms. 
? Forms the basis of evolution of organisms. 
Hierarchy of Classification 
The broadest categories into which organisms are divided on basis of basic characters is kingdom. Kingdoms 
are further classified into order, which are then divided into family then genus and finally species. 
Kingdom 
 Phylum for animals and Division for plants 
  Class 
   Order 
    Family 
     Genus 
      Species 
Carolos Linnaeus gave two kingdom classification – Plantae and Animalia  
Robert Whittaker gave five kingdom classification. 
He classified all the organisms into five kingdoms: 
1. Monera 
2. Protista 
3. Fungi 
4. Plantae 
5. Animalia  
 
*All the organisms are divided into five kingdoms the following basis: 
1. If the organisms are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. 
2. If the eukaryotic organisms unicellular of multicellular. 
3. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms have cell wall or not. 
4. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms with cell wall perform photosynthesis or not. 
 
*For more clarity look the classification chart on next page  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Monera 
? Unicellular 
? Are prokaryotes  
? Do not have true nucleus and membrane bound 
organelles 
? Some have cell others don’t 
? Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic 
? E.g. Blue green algae, Bacteria and mycoplasma. 
 
All the organisms 
Multicellular 
Unicellular 
Organisms that do not have a true nucleus 
Organisms that do not have a true nucleus 
Protista 
? Unicellular eukaryotes 
? Heave a true nucleus and membrane 
bound organelles. 
? Use appendages such as cilia or 
flagella for movement 
? Nutrition can be autotrophic or 
heterotrophic. 
? E.g. Unicellular algae, diatoms and 
Protozoans. 
 
 
 
 
Have Cell wall 
Do not have cell wall 
Perform Photosynthesis 
No photosynthesis 
Fungi 
Plantae 
Animalia 
Kingdom – Fungi 
? Heterotrophic 
? Eukaryotic 
? Multicellular except Yeast 
? Get their food from dead and decaying matter 
? Cell wall is made of chitin 
Symbiosis – The mutual interaction between two organisms where both the organisms are benefitted. 
  E.g. lichens are symbiotic association of fungi with blue-green algae. 
 Examples of Fungi – Yeast, Pencillium, Aspergillus, Agaricus (mushrooms) 
     Fig. Some common fungi 
Kingdom: Plantae 
? Eukaryotes 
? Multicellular 
? Have cell wall 
? Can perform photosynthesis 
Organisms in kingdom are further classified into 5 divisions on the basis of following: 
1. If the plant body is differentiated into true roots, shoots and leaves. 
2. If the plants have vascular bundles. 
3. If the plants produce seeds or not. 
4. If the seeds are naked or enclosed in a fruit. 
5. If the seeds have single or two cotyledon 
Five divisions of Plantae: 
1. Thallophyta 
2. Bryophyta  Cryptogams – plants that do not produce flower or seeds 
3. Pteridophyta 
4. Gymnosperms 
5. Angiosperms 
 
Phanerogams – Plants that produce flowers or seeds 
Page 4


Chapter 7 Diversity In Living Organisms 
Diversity – Various living organisms with different characteristics and features living in an area. 
Classification – Grouping of organisms on the basis of their similarities and differences. 
Advantages of classification: 
? Makes the study of millions of organisms present on Earth easier. 
? Gives interrelation and differences among various organisms. 
? Helps in systematic arrangement of millions of organisms. 
? Forms the basis of evolution of organisms. 
Hierarchy of Classification 
The broadest categories into which organisms are divided on basis of basic characters is kingdom. Kingdoms 
are further classified into order, which are then divided into family then genus and finally species. 
Kingdom 
 Phylum for animals and Division for plants 
  Class 
   Order 
    Family 
     Genus 
      Species 
Carolos Linnaeus gave two kingdom classification – Plantae and Animalia  
Robert Whittaker gave five kingdom classification. 
He classified all the organisms into five kingdoms: 
1. Monera 
2. Protista 
3. Fungi 
4. Plantae 
5. Animalia  
 
*All the organisms are divided into five kingdoms the following basis: 
1. If the organisms are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. 
2. If the eukaryotic organisms unicellular of multicellular. 
3. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms have cell wall or not. 
4. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms with cell wall perform photosynthesis or not. 
 
*For more clarity look the classification chart on next page  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Monera 
? Unicellular 
? Are prokaryotes  
? Do not have true nucleus and membrane bound 
organelles 
? Some have cell others don’t 
? Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic 
? E.g. Blue green algae, Bacteria and mycoplasma. 
 
All the organisms 
Multicellular 
Unicellular 
Organisms that do not have a true nucleus 
Organisms that do not have a true nucleus 
Protista 
? Unicellular eukaryotes 
? Heave a true nucleus and membrane 
bound organelles. 
? Use appendages such as cilia or 
flagella for movement 
? Nutrition can be autotrophic or 
heterotrophic. 
? E.g. Unicellular algae, diatoms and 
Protozoans. 
 
 
 
 
Have Cell wall 
Do not have cell wall 
Perform Photosynthesis 
No photosynthesis 
Fungi 
Plantae 
Animalia 
Kingdom – Fungi 
? Heterotrophic 
? Eukaryotic 
? Multicellular except Yeast 
? Get their food from dead and decaying matter 
? Cell wall is made of chitin 
Symbiosis – The mutual interaction between two organisms where both the organisms are benefitted. 
  E.g. lichens are symbiotic association of fungi with blue-green algae. 
 Examples of Fungi – Yeast, Pencillium, Aspergillus, Agaricus (mushrooms) 
     Fig. Some common fungi 
Kingdom: Plantae 
? Eukaryotes 
? Multicellular 
? Have cell wall 
? Can perform photosynthesis 
Organisms in kingdom are further classified into 5 divisions on the basis of following: 
1. If the plant body is differentiated into true roots, shoots and leaves. 
2. If the plants have vascular bundles. 
3. If the plants produce seeds or not. 
4. If the seeds are naked or enclosed in a fruit. 
5. If the seeds have single or two cotyledon 
Five divisions of Plantae: 
1. Thallophyta 
2. Bryophyta  Cryptogams – plants that do not produce flower or seeds 
3. Pteridophyta 
4. Gymnosperms 
5. Angiosperms 
 
Phanerogams – Plants that produce flowers or seeds 
Plantae 
        Do not have true root, leaves and stem  body is differentiated into true roots, shoot and stem 
 
        do not have vascular tissue  have vascular tissue  
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Do not produce seeds       produce seeds 
            (Phanerogams)  
 have naked seeds  seeds are enclosed in fruits 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
     
    
 
    
       
0Seeds have one cotyledon  Seeds have two cotyledons 
 
    Monocotyledons               Dicotyledons 
       e.g. Cereals      e.g. pulses  
Thallophyta 
? Do not have a well differentiated 
body 
? Plants in this group are called 
algae. 
? E.g. Ulothrix, Chladophora Chara 
 
Bryophyta 
? Amphibians of plant 
kingdom 
? Body is differentiated 
into stem and leaf like 
structure. 
? Vascular tissues are 
absent. 
? E.g. Riccia, Funaria, 
Marchantia. 
Pteridophyta 
? Plant body is 
differentiated into true 
roots, leaves and stem. 
? Vascular tissues are 
present. 
? E.g. Ferns, Liverwort, 
mosses 
 
Gymnosperms 
? Plant body is 
differentiated into true 
roots, leaves and stem. 
? Vascular tissues are 
present. 
? Seeds are not enclosed 
in a fruit. 
? E.g. Pinus, Cycus  
Angiosperms 
? Plant body is 
differentiated into true 
roots, leaves and stem. 
? Vascular tissues are 
present. 
? Seeds are enclosed in a 
fruit. 
? E.g. Apple, Mango, 
Tomato etc.  
Page 5


Chapter 7 Diversity In Living Organisms 
Diversity – Various living organisms with different characteristics and features living in an area. 
Classification – Grouping of organisms on the basis of their similarities and differences. 
Advantages of classification: 
? Makes the study of millions of organisms present on Earth easier. 
? Gives interrelation and differences among various organisms. 
? Helps in systematic arrangement of millions of organisms. 
? Forms the basis of evolution of organisms. 
Hierarchy of Classification 
The broadest categories into which organisms are divided on basis of basic characters is kingdom. Kingdoms 
are further classified into order, which are then divided into family then genus and finally species. 
Kingdom 
 Phylum for animals and Division for plants 
  Class 
   Order 
    Family 
     Genus 
      Species 
Carolos Linnaeus gave two kingdom classification – Plantae and Animalia  
Robert Whittaker gave five kingdom classification. 
He classified all the organisms into five kingdoms: 
1. Monera 
2. Protista 
3. Fungi 
4. Plantae 
5. Animalia  
 
*All the organisms are divided into five kingdoms the following basis: 
1. If the organisms are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. 
2. If the eukaryotic organisms unicellular of multicellular. 
3. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms have cell wall or not. 
4. If the eukaryotic multicellular organisms with cell wall perform photosynthesis or not. 
 
*For more clarity look the classification chart on next page  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Monera 
? Unicellular 
? Are prokaryotes  
? Do not have true nucleus and membrane bound 
organelles 
? Some have cell others don’t 
? Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic 
? E.g. Blue green algae, Bacteria and mycoplasma. 
 
All the organisms 
Multicellular 
Unicellular 
Organisms that do not have a true nucleus 
Organisms that do not have a true nucleus 
Protista 
? Unicellular eukaryotes 
? Heave a true nucleus and membrane 
bound organelles. 
? Use appendages such as cilia or 
flagella for movement 
? Nutrition can be autotrophic or 
heterotrophic. 
? E.g. Unicellular algae, diatoms and 
Protozoans. 
 
 
 
 
Have Cell wall 
Do not have cell wall 
Perform Photosynthesis 
No photosynthesis 
Fungi 
Plantae 
Animalia 
Kingdom – Fungi 
? Heterotrophic 
? Eukaryotic 
? Multicellular except Yeast 
? Get their food from dead and decaying matter 
? Cell wall is made of chitin 
Symbiosis – The mutual interaction between two organisms where both the organisms are benefitted. 
  E.g. lichens are symbiotic association of fungi with blue-green algae. 
 Examples of Fungi – Yeast, Pencillium, Aspergillus, Agaricus (mushrooms) 
     Fig. Some common fungi 
Kingdom: Plantae 
? Eukaryotes 
? Multicellular 
? Have cell wall 
? Can perform photosynthesis 
Organisms in kingdom are further classified into 5 divisions on the basis of following: 
1. If the plant body is differentiated into true roots, shoots and leaves. 
2. If the plants have vascular bundles. 
3. If the plants produce seeds or not. 
4. If the seeds are naked or enclosed in a fruit. 
5. If the seeds have single or two cotyledon 
Five divisions of Plantae: 
1. Thallophyta 
2. Bryophyta  Cryptogams – plants that do not produce flower or seeds 
3. Pteridophyta 
4. Gymnosperms 
5. Angiosperms 
 
Phanerogams – Plants that produce flowers or seeds 
Plantae 
        Do not have true root, leaves and stem  body is differentiated into true roots, shoot and stem 
 
        do not have vascular tissue  have vascular tissue  
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Do not produce seeds       produce seeds 
            (Phanerogams)  
 have naked seeds  seeds are enclosed in fruits 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
 
     
    
 
    
       
0Seeds have one cotyledon  Seeds have two cotyledons 
 
    Monocotyledons               Dicotyledons 
       e.g. Cereals      e.g. pulses  
Thallophyta 
? Do not have a well differentiated 
body 
? Plants in this group are called 
algae. 
? E.g. Ulothrix, Chladophora Chara 
 
Bryophyta 
? Amphibians of plant 
kingdom 
? Body is differentiated 
into stem and leaf like 
structure. 
? Vascular tissues are 
absent. 
? E.g. Riccia, Funaria, 
Marchantia. 
Pteridophyta 
? Plant body is 
differentiated into true 
roots, leaves and stem. 
? Vascular tissues are 
present. 
? E.g. Ferns, Liverwort, 
mosses 
 
Gymnosperms 
? Plant body is 
differentiated into true 
roots, leaves and stem. 
? Vascular tissues are 
present. 
? Seeds are not enclosed 
in a fruit. 
? E.g. Pinus, Cycus  
Angiosperms 
? Plant body is 
differentiated into true 
roots, leaves and stem. 
? Vascular tissues are 
present. 
? Seeds are enclosed in a 
fruit. 
? E.g. Apple, Mango, 
Tomato etc.  
Kingdom: Animalia 
? Eukaryotes 
? Multicellular 
? Do not have a cell wall 
? Heterotrophic 
Basis of classification in animals: 
1. Symmetry 
Radial Symmetry – gives two equal halves when cut in any plane 
Bilateral Symmetry – gives two equal halves only when cut in one plane. 
 Fig. Radial Symmetry    Bilateral Symmetry 
 
2. Diploblastic and triploblastic 
Diploblastic – Organisms that have only two germ layers in embryonic stage; ectoderm and endoderm 
Triploblastic – Organisms that have all the three germ layers in embryonic stage. 
 
        Fig. Diploblastic        Triploblastic 
3. Notochord – A cartilage rod like structure running along the back in embryonic stage (presence or 
absence) 
4. Coelom – Body cavity between body wall and gut wall (presence or absence)