Page 1
LEARNING OUTCOME
After undergoing the subject, student will be able to:
Determine various types of wiring systems and how they are being used
Practice and execute any type of wiring
Estimate and determine the cost of wiring installation
Estimate the material required for HT and LT lines
Prepare a tender document for a particular job
Estimate the material required for pole-mounted sub-stations
Chapter:1
1. Introduction
Purpose of estimating and costing, proforma for making estimates, preparation of materials
schedule, costing, price list, preparation of tender document (with 2-3 exercises), net price
list, market survey, overhead charges, labour charges, electrical point method and fixed
percentage method, contingency, profit, purchase system, enquiries, comparative
statements, orders for supply, payment of bills.
1.1 Types of Wiring
1.2 Cleat Wiring
This system of wiring comprise of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally,
sheathed and weather proof cable) braided and compounded held on walls or ceilings by
means of porcelain cleats, Plastic or wood.
Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domestic
premises. The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays.
Page 2
LEARNING OUTCOME
After undergoing the subject, student will be able to:
Determine various types of wiring systems and how they are being used
Practice and execute any type of wiring
Estimate and determine the cost of wiring installation
Estimate the material required for HT and LT lines
Prepare a tender document for a particular job
Estimate the material required for pole-mounted sub-stations
Chapter:1
1. Introduction
Purpose of estimating and costing, proforma for making estimates, preparation of materials
schedule, costing, price list, preparation of tender document (with 2-3 exercises), net price
list, market survey, overhead charges, labour charges, electrical point method and fixed
percentage method, contingency, profit, purchase system, enquiries, comparative
statements, orders for supply, payment of bills.
1.1 Types of Wiring
1.2 Cleat Wiring
This system of wiring comprise of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally,
sheathed and weather proof cable) braided and compounded held on walls or ceilings by
means of porcelain cleats, Plastic or wood.
Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domestic
premises. The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays.
1.3 Casing and Capping wiring
Casing and Capping wiring system was famous wiring system in the past but, it is
considered obsolete this days because of Conduit and sheathed wiring system. The cables
used in this kind of wiring were either VIR or PVC or any other approved insulated cables.
The cables were carried through the wooden casing enclosures. The casing is made up of a
strip of wood with parallel grooves cut length wise so as to accommodate VIR cables. The
grooves were made to separate opposite polarity. the capping (also made of wood) used to
cover the wires and cables installed and fitted in the casing
3.Batten Wiring (CTS or TRS)
Single core or double core or three core TRS cables with a circular oval shape cables are used
in this kind of wiring. Mostly, single core cables are preferred. TRS cables are chemical
proof, water proof, steam proof, but are slightly affected by lubricating oil. The TRS cables
are run on well seasoned and straight teak wood batten with at least a thickness of 10mm.
The cables are held on the wooden batten by means of tinned brass link clips (buckle clip)
already fixed on the batten with brass pins and spaced at an interval of 10cm for horizontal
runs and 15cm for vertical runs.
Page 3
LEARNING OUTCOME
After undergoing the subject, student will be able to:
Determine various types of wiring systems and how they are being used
Practice and execute any type of wiring
Estimate and determine the cost of wiring installation
Estimate the material required for HT and LT lines
Prepare a tender document for a particular job
Estimate the material required for pole-mounted sub-stations
Chapter:1
1. Introduction
Purpose of estimating and costing, proforma for making estimates, preparation of materials
schedule, costing, price list, preparation of tender document (with 2-3 exercises), net price
list, market survey, overhead charges, labour charges, electrical point method and fixed
percentage method, contingency, profit, purchase system, enquiries, comparative
statements, orders for supply, payment of bills.
1.1 Types of Wiring
1.2 Cleat Wiring
This system of wiring comprise of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally,
sheathed and weather proof cable) braided and compounded held on walls or ceilings by
means of porcelain cleats, Plastic or wood.
Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domestic
premises. The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays.
1.3 Casing and Capping wiring
Casing and Capping wiring system was famous wiring system in the past but, it is
considered obsolete this days because of Conduit and sheathed wiring system. The cables
used in this kind of wiring were either VIR or PVC or any other approved insulated cables.
The cables were carried through the wooden casing enclosures. The casing is made up of a
strip of wood with parallel grooves cut length wise so as to accommodate VIR cables. The
grooves were made to separate opposite polarity. the capping (also made of wood) used to
cover the wires and cables installed and fitted in the casing
3.Batten Wiring (CTS or TRS)
Single core or double core or three core TRS cables with a circular oval shape cables are used
in this kind of wiring. Mostly, single core cables are preferred. TRS cables are chemical
proof, water proof, steam proof, but are slightly affected by lubricating oil. The TRS cables
are run on well seasoned and straight teak wood batten with at least a thickness of 10mm.
The cables are held on the wooden batten by means of tinned brass link clips (buckle clip)
already fixed on the batten with brass pins and spaced at an interval of 10cm for horizontal
runs and 15cm for vertical runs.
4.Conduit Wiring
There are two additional types of conduit wiring according to pipe installation.
. Surface Conduit Wiring
. Concealed Conduit Wiring
Surface Conduit Wiring
If conduits installed on roof or wall, It is known as surface conduit wiring. in this wiring
method, they make holes on the surface of wall on equal distances and conduit is installed
then with the help of rawal plugs.
Concealed Conduit wiring
If the conduits is hidden inside the wall slots with the help of plastering, it is called concealed
conduit wiring. In other words, the electrical wiring system inside wall, roof or floor with
the help of plastic or metallic piping is called concealed conduit wiring. obliviously, It is
the most popular, beautiful, stronger and common electrical wiring system nowadays.
Page 4
LEARNING OUTCOME
After undergoing the subject, student will be able to:
Determine various types of wiring systems and how they are being used
Practice and execute any type of wiring
Estimate and determine the cost of wiring installation
Estimate the material required for HT and LT lines
Prepare a tender document for a particular job
Estimate the material required for pole-mounted sub-stations
Chapter:1
1. Introduction
Purpose of estimating and costing, proforma for making estimates, preparation of materials
schedule, costing, price list, preparation of tender document (with 2-3 exercises), net price
list, market survey, overhead charges, labour charges, electrical point method and fixed
percentage method, contingency, profit, purchase system, enquiries, comparative
statements, orders for supply, payment of bills.
1.1 Types of Wiring
1.2 Cleat Wiring
This system of wiring comprise of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally,
sheathed and weather proof cable) braided and compounded held on walls or ceilings by
means of porcelain cleats, Plastic or wood.
Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domestic
premises. The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays.
1.3 Casing and Capping wiring
Casing and Capping wiring system was famous wiring system in the past but, it is
considered obsolete this days because of Conduit and sheathed wiring system. The cables
used in this kind of wiring were either VIR or PVC or any other approved insulated cables.
The cables were carried through the wooden casing enclosures. The casing is made up of a
strip of wood with parallel grooves cut length wise so as to accommodate VIR cables. The
grooves were made to separate opposite polarity. the capping (also made of wood) used to
cover the wires and cables installed and fitted in the casing
3.Batten Wiring (CTS or TRS)
Single core or double core or three core TRS cables with a circular oval shape cables are used
in this kind of wiring. Mostly, single core cables are preferred. TRS cables are chemical
proof, water proof, steam proof, but are slightly affected by lubricating oil. The TRS cables
are run on well seasoned and straight teak wood batten with at least a thickness of 10mm.
The cables are held on the wooden batten by means of tinned brass link clips (buckle clip)
already fixed on the batten with brass pins and spaced at an interval of 10cm for horizontal
runs and 15cm for vertical runs.
4.Conduit Wiring
There are two additional types of conduit wiring according to pipe installation.
. Surface Conduit Wiring
. Concealed Conduit Wiring
Surface Conduit Wiring
If conduits installed on roof or wall, It is known as surface conduit wiring. in this wiring
method, they make holes on the surface of wall on equal distances and conduit is installed
then with the help of rawal plugs.
Concealed Conduit wiring
If the conduits is hidden inside the wall slots with the help of plastering, it is called concealed
conduit wiring. In other words, the electrical wiring system inside wall, roof or floor with
the help of plastic or metallic piping is called concealed conduit wiring. obliviously, It is
the most popular, beautiful, stronger and common electrical wiring system nowadays.
In conduit wiring, steel tubes known as conduits are installed on the surface of walls by means
of pipe hooks (surface conduit wiring) or buried in walls under plaster and VIR or PVC
cables are afterwards drawn by means of a GI wire of size if about 18SWG.
In Conduit wiring system, The conduits should be electrically continuous and connected to
earth at some suitable points in case of steel conduit. Conduit wiring is a professional way
of wiring a building. Mostly PVC conduits are used in domestic wiring.
The conduit protects the cables from being damaged by rodents (when rodents bites the cables
it will cause short circuit) that is why circuit breakers are in place though but hey!
Prevention is better than cure. Lead conduits are used in factories or when the building is
prone to fire accident. Trunking is more of like surface conduit wiring. It’s gaining
popularity too.
It is done by screwing a PVC trunking pipe to a wall then passing the cables through the pipe.
The cables in conduit should not be too tight. Space factor have to be put into consideration.
Types of Conduit
Following conduits are used in the conduit wiring systems (both concealed and surface
conduit wiring) which are shown in the above image.
. Metallic Conduit
. Non-metallic conduit
Metallic Conduit:
Metallic conduits are made of steel which are very strong but costly as well.
There are two types of metallic conduits.
Page 5
LEARNING OUTCOME
After undergoing the subject, student will be able to:
Determine various types of wiring systems and how they are being used
Practice and execute any type of wiring
Estimate and determine the cost of wiring installation
Estimate the material required for HT and LT lines
Prepare a tender document for a particular job
Estimate the material required for pole-mounted sub-stations
Chapter:1
1. Introduction
Purpose of estimating and costing, proforma for making estimates, preparation of materials
schedule, costing, price list, preparation of tender document (with 2-3 exercises), net price
list, market survey, overhead charges, labour charges, electrical point method and fixed
percentage method, contingency, profit, purchase system, enquiries, comparative
statements, orders for supply, payment of bills.
1.1 Types of Wiring
1.2 Cleat Wiring
This system of wiring comprise of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally,
sheathed and weather proof cable) braided and compounded held on walls or ceilings by
means of porcelain cleats, Plastic or wood.
Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domestic
premises. The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays.
1.3 Casing and Capping wiring
Casing and Capping wiring system was famous wiring system in the past but, it is
considered obsolete this days because of Conduit and sheathed wiring system. The cables
used in this kind of wiring were either VIR or PVC or any other approved insulated cables.
The cables were carried through the wooden casing enclosures. The casing is made up of a
strip of wood with parallel grooves cut length wise so as to accommodate VIR cables. The
grooves were made to separate opposite polarity. the capping (also made of wood) used to
cover the wires and cables installed and fitted in the casing
3.Batten Wiring (CTS or TRS)
Single core or double core or three core TRS cables with a circular oval shape cables are used
in this kind of wiring. Mostly, single core cables are preferred. TRS cables are chemical
proof, water proof, steam proof, but are slightly affected by lubricating oil. The TRS cables
are run on well seasoned and straight teak wood batten with at least a thickness of 10mm.
The cables are held on the wooden batten by means of tinned brass link clips (buckle clip)
already fixed on the batten with brass pins and spaced at an interval of 10cm for horizontal
runs and 15cm for vertical runs.
4.Conduit Wiring
There are two additional types of conduit wiring according to pipe installation.
. Surface Conduit Wiring
. Concealed Conduit Wiring
Surface Conduit Wiring
If conduits installed on roof or wall, It is known as surface conduit wiring. in this wiring
method, they make holes on the surface of wall on equal distances and conduit is installed
then with the help of rawal plugs.
Concealed Conduit wiring
If the conduits is hidden inside the wall slots with the help of plastering, it is called concealed
conduit wiring. In other words, the electrical wiring system inside wall, roof or floor with
the help of plastic or metallic piping is called concealed conduit wiring. obliviously, It is
the most popular, beautiful, stronger and common electrical wiring system nowadays.
In conduit wiring, steel tubes known as conduits are installed on the surface of walls by means
of pipe hooks (surface conduit wiring) or buried in walls under plaster and VIR or PVC
cables are afterwards drawn by means of a GI wire of size if about 18SWG.
In Conduit wiring system, The conduits should be electrically continuous and connected to
earth at some suitable points in case of steel conduit. Conduit wiring is a professional way
of wiring a building. Mostly PVC conduits are used in domestic wiring.
The conduit protects the cables from being damaged by rodents (when rodents bites the cables
it will cause short circuit) that is why circuit breakers are in place though but hey!
Prevention is better than cure. Lead conduits are used in factories or when the building is
prone to fire accident. Trunking is more of like surface conduit wiring. It’s gaining
popularity too.
It is done by screwing a PVC trunking pipe to a wall then passing the cables through the pipe.
The cables in conduit should not be too tight. Space factor have to be put into consideration.
Types of Conduit
Following conduits are used in the conduit wiring systems (both concealed and surface
conduit wiring) which are shown in the above image.
. Metallic Conduit
. Non-metallic conduit
Metallic Conduit:
Metallic conduits are made of steel which are very strong but costly as well.
There are two types of metallic conduits.
Class A Conduit: Low gauge conduit (Thin layer steel sheet conduit)
Class B Conduit: High gauge conduit (Thick sheet of steel conduit)
Non-metallic Conduit:
A solid PVC conduit is used as non-metallic conduit now a days, which is flexible and easy
to bend.
Size of Conduit:
The common conduit pipes are available in different sizes genially, 13, 16.2, 18.75, 20, 25,
37, 50, and 63 mm (diameter) or 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 inch in diameter.
Comparison between Different Wiring Systems
Below is the table which shows the comparison between all the above mentioned wiring
systems.
5. Electrical Wiring Systems and Methods of Electrical Wiring
The electrical wiring must be installed correctly and safely in accordance with electrical
regulations and standards. If the electrical wiring is carried incorrectly or without
confirming to any standard, devices could damage or leads to the malfunctioning of device
which further causes for the reduction of device life.
Several factors have to be considered before the actual installation work to be done for
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