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India's Freedom Struggle Chapter Notes | Be an Explorer 5: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets - Class 5 PDF Download

Introduction

  • British policies not benefiting Indians.
  • Realization that British wanted to keep Indians poor and backward.
  • Emergence of nationalism.

Formation of Indian National Congress (INC)

  • Formed in 1885 with the support of O.A. Hume and Englishmen.
  • First session in Mumbai, W.C. Bonnerjee as president.
  • Leaders: Dadabhai Naoroji, G.K. Gokhale, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, etc.
  • Moderates and Radicals within the INC.

Partition of Bengal (1905)

  • Lord Curzon announced to weaken unity among Hindus and Muslims.
  • Divide and Rule policy implemented.

Important Acts and Movements

  • Rowlatt Act (1919): Allowed arrest without trial, faced protests.
  • Jallianwala Bagh (1919): Massacre in Amritsar, General Dyer's orders.
  • Khilafat Movement (1920): Support for Turkey, unity of Hindus and Muslims.
  • Non-cooperation Movement (1920): Led by Gandhi, demanded complete freedom.
  • Simon Commission (1928): Studied the effects of the 1919 Act, boycotted.
  • Civil Disobedience Movement (1930): Dandi March against salt law, nationwide protest.

Subhas Chandra Bose and Azad Hind Fauj

  • Bose's role in the freedom movement.
  • Formation of the Indian National Army (INA).
  • "Give me blood, and I will give you freedom."

Second World War and Quit India Movement

  • British sought Indian cooperation in the war.
  • Sir Stafford Cripps' mission failed.
  • Quit India Movement (1942): "Do or Die" for voluntary British withdrawal.

India Wins Freedom

  • Independence announced by Lord Mountbatten.
  • India divided into India and Pakistan on August 15, 1947.
  • Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the first President of India.
  • Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister.
  • Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's role in integrating princely states.

Conclusion

  • Sacrifices made for India's freedom.
  • Leaders like Gandhi, Bose, Patel played crucial roles.
  • Independence Day celebrated on August 15, 1947.
  • India's journey towards self-governance.
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