Kinetic Particle Model of Matter Chapter Notes | Physics for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download

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Kinetic model of matter
? In this model, the things that are moving are the particles of which matter is made
? ? Melting  It is the process in which a solid changes to a liquid.
? ? Freezing  It is the process in which a liquid changes to a solid
? ? Evaporation  It is the process in which a liquid changes to a gas
? ? Condensation  It is the process in which a gas changes to a liquid
? ? Sublimation  It is the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas without going to the
liquid state
? ? Deposition  It is the process in which a gas changes to a solid directly
? ? Melting point  It is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid state
? ? Boiling point  It is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas state
Brownian motion -
It is the random motion of particles
suspended in a medium
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Kinetic model of matter
? In this model, the things that are moving are the particles of which matter is made
? ? Melting  It is the process in which a solid changes to a liquid.
? ? Freezing  It is the process in which a liquid changes to a solid
? ? Evaporation  It is the process in which a liquid changes to a gas
? ? Condensation  It is the process in which a gas changes to a liquid
? ? Sublimation  It is the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas without going to the
liquid state
? ? Deposition  It is the process in which a gas changes to a solid directly
? ? Melting point  It is the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid state
? ? Boiling point  It is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas state
Brownian motion -
It is the random motion of particles
suspended in a medium
? Solids
? In solids the particles are highly packed
? Forces of attraction between the particles are strong. Less intermolecular spaces between
the particles.
? Definite shape/volume and high density. Cannot be compressed
? Liquids
? Particles loosely packed. Forces of attraction are less than of solid
? Definite volume and density. No definite shape, it depends on the shape of the container
? Slightly compressible. Particles are always in a random motion (Brownian motion)
? Gases
? Particles are very loosely packed very weak forces of attraction between particles. Less
intermolecular spaces between the particles.
? No definite shape or volume, low density. Highly compressible
? Factors affecting evaporation
? Temperature (direct)
? Surface area(direct)
? Humidity (indirect)
? Wind speed (direct)
? Boyle’s law
? It states that the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
of constant temperature
? pV = K (temperature)
? p1V1 = p2V2
? Charle’s law
? The volume and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are directly proportional
? At constant mass and pressure
? V1/T1 = V2/T2
? Gay-Lussacs law
? The pressure and absolute temperature of a gas are directly proportional
? At constant mass and volume
? p1/T1 = p2/T2
? Combined gas law
? p1V1/T1 = p2V2/T2