Phrasal Verbs Chapter Notes | English Olympiad for Class 9 PDF Download

Introduction

Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and one or more particles (typically prepositions or adverbs) that together function as a single semantic unit. These particles can change the meaning of the main verb, often creating idiomatic expressions that native speakers use frequently in everyday language.

Types of Phrasal Verbs

1. Intransitive Phrasal Verbs
   • These phrasal verbs do not take a direct object.
   • Example: She woke up early this morning.
   • Example: The meeting broke up after two hours.
2. Transitive Phrasal Verbs
   • These phrasal verbs require a direct object to complete their meaning.
   • Example: He picked his brother up from the airport.
   • Example: She put the books away on the shelf.
3. Separable Phrasal Verbs
   • These phrasal verbs allow for the object to be placed between the verb and the particle or after the particle.
   • Example: He turned off the lights. OR He turned the lights off.
   • Example: She took the trash out. OR She took out the trash.
4. Inseparable Phrasal Verbs
   • These phrasal verbs do not allow the object to separate the verb and the particle.
   • Example: She came across an old photograph while cleaning.
   • Example: He stood up and walked out of the room.

Structure of Phrasal Verbs

• Verb + Preposition:
• Verb + Adverb:
• Verb + Preposition + Adverb:

Examples of Verb + Preposition 

1. Look after - to take care of or be responsible for someone or something.
   • Example: She looks after her younger brother after school.
2. Go on - to continue or proceed with something.
   • Example: The meeting went on longer than expected.
3. Give up - to quit or stop doing something.
   • Example: He gave up smoking last year.
4. Put off - to postpone or delay something.
   • Example: They decided to put off their vacation until next month.
5. Run into - to encounter unexpectedly.
   • Example: I ran into an old friend at the supermarket yesterday.
6. Look forward to - to anticipate with pleasure.
   • Example: She looks forward to her summer vacation every year.
7. Get over - to recover from an illness or emotional distress.
   • Example: It took her a long time to get over the flu.
8. Look up - to search for information in a reference book or online.
   • Example: If you don't know the meaning of a word, you can look it up in the dictionary.
9. Come across - to find or meet by chance.
   • Example: I came across an interesting article while browsing the internet.
10. Call off - to cancel something.
    • Example: They had to call off the picnic due to bad weather.

Examples of Verb + Adverb

1. Break down - to stop functioning (of machinery or systems) or to collapse emotionally.
   • Example: The car broke down on the highway.
2. Cut down - to reduce the amount of something.
   • Example: Doctors advised him to cut down on sugar.
3. Run out - to use up the supply of something so that there is none left.
   • Example: We ran out of milk, so I couldn't make coffee this morning.
4. Come back - to return to a place or to recover.
   • Example: She came back home after a long day at work.
5. Take off - to remove something or to become successful suddenly.
   • Example: Please take off your shoes before entering the house.
6. Get up - to rise from bed or a seated position.
   • Example: I get up early every morning to exercise.
7. Turn on - to activate or start something (like a machine, device, or light).
   • Example: Please turn on the lights; it's getting dark.
8. Put away - to clean up or store something in its proper place.
   • Example: After dinner, we put away the dishes and leftovers.
9. Bring up - to raise a topic or introduce someone to a group.
   • Example: She brought up an interesting point during the meeting.
10. Look out - to be careful or watchful.
    • Example: They looked out for each other during difficult times.

Examples of Verb + Preposition + Adverb

1. Look forward to - to anticipate something with pleasure.
   • Example: We look forward to seeing you at the party tonight.
2. Get away with - to escape punishment or criticism for something.
   • Example: He cheated on the test but somehow got away with it.
3. Put up with - to tolerate or endure someone or something unpleasant.
   • Example: She put up with her noisy neighbors for years before moving out.
4. Go on with - to continue doing something.
   • Example: Despite the interruption, he went on with his presentation.
5. Look down on - to regard with contempt or disdain.
   • Example: They look down on people who don't have a college degree.
6. Run out of - to use all of something so that there is none left.
   • Example: We ran out of milk, so I couldn't make pancakes for breakfast.
7. Come up with - to think of or produce an idea, solution, or plan.
   • Example: She came up with a brilliant idea for the new marketing campaign.
8. Put off - to postpone or delay something.
   • Example: They put off their vacation until next year due to work commitments.
9. Keep up with - to stay informed about or in touch with something.
   • Example: It's hard to keep up with all the latest technological advancements.
10. Look out for - to watch for and be careful of something.
    • Example: Look out for pedestrians when driving through the city center.

Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Phrasal Verb
Choose the correct phrasal verb to complete each sentence:

1. She was so tired that she __________ in the middle of the movie.
(a) broke up
(b) fell asleep
(c) ran into

2. Could you please __________ the music? It's too loud.
(a) take off
(b) turn down
(c) put off

3. He needs to __________ his bad habits if he wants to stay healthy.
(a) cut down on
(b) look forward to
(c) come up with

4. I accidentally __________ an old friend at the mall yesterday.
(a) turned up
(b) came across
(c) looked after

5. The teacher asked the students to __________ for their behavior during the field trip.
(a) run out of
(b) look down on
(c) put up with

Ans:
(b) fell asleep
(b) turn down
(a) cut down on
(b) came across
(c) put up with

Exercise 2: Identify the Type of Phrasal Verb
Identify whether each phrasal verb is transitive (T) or intransitive (I):

1. She woke up early this morning. (_____)
2. They brought up an interesting point during the meeting. (_____)
3. He looked after his younger sister after school. (_____)
4. Please give up smoking; it's bad for your health. (_____)
5. The meeting broke up after two hours of discussion. (_____)

Ans:

1. I (intransitive)
2. T (transitive)
3. T (transitive)
4. I (intransitive)
5. I (intransitive)

Exercise 3: Complete the Sentences with the Correct Phrasal Verb

Choose the correct phrasal verb to complete each sentence:

1. We need to __________ the project until next week due to unforeseen circumstances.
(a) put off
(b) put up with
(c) take off

2. He always __________ his father's advice when it comes to making important decisions.
(a) looks down on
(b) looks up to
(c) looks after

3. She decided to __________ sweets to lose weight and improve her health.
(a) cut down on
(b) get over
(c) come across

4. The company's new product __________ in the market quickly, exceeding all expectations.
(a) came up with
(b) took off
(c) ran out of

5. I accidentally __________ an old photograph while cleaning out the attic.
(a) ran into
(b) turned down
(c) put away

Ans: 

1. (a) put off
2. (b) looks up to
3. (a) cut down on
4. (b) took off
5. (a) ran into