Rural and Urban Livelihood Chapter Notes | Footprints Class 6: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets PDF Download

Introduction

India has many villages, towns, and cities where people work in different ways to earn a living. Jobs are divided into three types based on the kind of work they involve.

Types of Occupation

• Primary Occupations: These involve getting raw materials from nature. Examples include farming, mining, forestry, fishing, and animal husbandry.
• Secondary Occupations: These are manufacturing activities that turn raw materials into finished goods. Examples are making biscuits, textiles, and steel.
• Tertiary Occupations: These are services that help the primary and secondary sectors, like transport, banking, and healthcare.

Means of Livelihood in Rural Areas

• Farming: More than 50% of people in India work in agriculture. There are big, medium, and marginal farmers, each facing different challenges.
• Non-Farming Occupations: People in villages do jobs like weaving, pottery, and collecting forest produce.
• Fishing: Families living near the sea or rivers depend on fishing for their livelihood.
• Animal Husbandry: Raising animals for milk, meat, and other products is crucial in rural areas.
• Dairy Farming: Some villages have cooperatives like Amul that buy milk from farmers and sell it in cities.
• Poultry Farming: Raising chickens for meat and eggs is another source of income.

• People in villages often borrow money for seeds, pesticides, or other needs. High-interest rates make it hard for them to repay, leading to problems.

• The government helps by providing employment during lean seasons, offering loans, and running public work programs.

Urban Livelihood

• In cities, people have various jobs like factory workers, bank employees, vendors, and domestic help.

White Revolution:

• In 1970, the White Revolution boosted the dairy sector in India, making it self-sufficient in milk production.

Examples of Urban Jobs:

1. Vegetable Vendor: Buys and sells vegetables in residential areas.
2. Domestic Help: Does household chores like sweeping, washing, and cooking.
3. Garment Worker: Works in a boutique doing stitching and embroidery.
4. Bank Employee: Works in a bank, helping people save money.

Different Types of Employment

• Organized sector jobs have clear terms and benefits, while unorganized sector jobs may lack clear terms and benefits.

Migration:

• People move from rural to urban areas in search of better jobs and living conditions.

Summary of Kangna's Life (Case Study):

• Kangna is a landless farmer working on someone else's land. She faces seasonal unemployment and does other jobs like weaving baskets.
• Her husband, Hari, works in the city when there's no work in the village.
• They sometimes think of moving to a big city for more job opportunities.

Conclusion

Rural and urban areas are connected. The government helps with programs, and both sectors depend on each other for progress. People migrate for better opportunities, showing the interdependence of rural and urban life.