Temperature Chapter Notes | Math Olympiad for Class 2 PDF Download

Temperature

Temperature is the measure to describe how hot or cold something is.
We can find out how hot a soup is or how cool a drink is by measuring its temperature.

Measuring Temperature

• We use a tool called a thermometer to measure temperature.
• A thermometer looks like a thin tube with red liquid inside, called mercury.
• If something is warm, like soup, the red liquid goes up the tube, showing a higher number like 60 degrees.
  
• When things get hotter, the red liquid expands and moves up.
• If something is cold, like a drink, the red liquid goes down the tube, showing a lower number like 5 degrees.
  
• When things get cooler, the red liquid contracts and moves back down the tube.

Unit of Temperature

• We use the metric system to measure temperature, and it's called degrees Celsius (°C).
• On a Celsius scale thermometer, the temperatures are marked in intervals of ten degrees, like 10, 20, 30, up to 100.
  
• There are smaller marks between the big ones, showing intervals of one degree.
• For example, normal body temperature is around 37°C, which you can see by counting up from 30.
• Water freezes at 0°C, and we call this point zero degrees Celsius.
• Water boils at 100°C, and we call this point 100 degrees Celsius.

Types of Thermometer

• In India, we use the Celsius scale for temperature, named after Swedish astronomer Celsius Anders.
• Water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C, which we can also write as 0°C and 100°C.
• In Fahrenheit, water freezes at 32°F and boils at 212°F.

• A clinical thermometer is used by doctors to measure human body temperature.
• It's important to shake the clinical thermometer before using it, so the mercury level goes below 98°, which is about normal body temperature.
• The freezing point to the boiling point on the Celsius thermometer is 100 degrees, while on the Fahrenheit thermometer, it's 180 degrees.
• Normal body temperature is about 37°C or 98.4°F.