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Chemiosmotic Hypothesis Video Lecture | Biology Class 11 - NEET

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FAQs on Chemiosmotic Hypothesis Video Lecture - Biology Class 11 - NEET

1. What is the chemiosmotic hypothesis?
Ans. The chemiosmotic hypothesis is a scientific theory that explains how ATP is produced in cells. It suggests that the synthesis of ATP occurs through the movement of protons across a membrane, such as the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is driven by a proton gradient.
2. How does the chemiosmotic hypothesis explain ATP production?
Ans. According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, ATP production is linked to electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. As electrons are passed along the electron transport chain, protons are pumped across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. This gradient drives the synthesis of ATP by the ATP synthase enzyme, which uses the flow of protons to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP.
3. What is the role of the electron transport chain in the chemiosmotic hypothesis?
Ans. The electron transport chain plays a crucial role in the chemiosmotic hypothesis. It is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (in eukaryotes) or the plasma membrane (in prokaryotes). As electrons are transferred through these protein complexes, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix (or cytoplasm) to the intermembrane space (or extracellular space), establishing a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
4. How is the chemiosmotic hypothesis supported by experimental evidence?
Ans. The chemiosmotic hypothesis is strongly supported by experimental evidence. For example, studies using inhibitors of the electron transport chain have shown a direct correlation between the inhibition of electron flow and the inhibition of ATP synthesis. Additionally, experiments using artificial lipid vesicles with reconstituted protein complexes have demonstrated the ability of the proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis.
5. What are the implications of the chemiosmotic hypothesis in cellular metabolism?
Ans. The chemiosmotic hypothesis has significant implications in cellular metabolism. It explains how ATP, the primary energy currency of cells, is produced during oxidative phosphorylation. Understanding the chemiosmotic process has led to advances in our understanding of various cellular processes, including respiration, photosynthesis, and ion transport across membranes. It also serves as the foundation for the development of drugs targeting ATP synthesis, such as certain antibiotics and anti-cancer medications.
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