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What is the difference between chromosome and chromatin?
Ref: https://edurev.in/question/698291/What-is-the-difference-between-chromosome-and-chromatin-
In the nucleus, the DNA double helix is packaged by special proteins (histones) to form a complex called chromatin. The chromatin undergoes further condensation to form the chromosome. So while the chromatin is a lower order of DNA organization, chromosomes are the higher order of DNA organization. An organism’s genetic content is counted in terms of the chromosome pairs present. e.g. humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Comparison chart
| Chromatin | Chromosome |
| The purpose of replication is to conserve the entire genome for next generation. | A compact structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
| Composed of nucleosomes-a complex of DNA and proteins (called histones). Represent DNA folded on nucleoproteins by a magnitude of 50. The chromatin fiber is app. 10 nm in diameter. | Chromosomes are condensed Chromatin Fibers. They are a higher order of DNA organization, where DNA is condensed at least by 10,000 times onto itself. |
| Chromatin Fibers are Long and thin. They are uncoiled structures found inside the nucleus. | Chromosomes are compact, thick and ribbon-like. These are coiled structures seen prominently during cell division. |
| Chromatin is unpaired. | Chromosome is paired. |
| Permissive to DNA replication, RNA synthesis (transcription) and recombination events. | Refractory to these processes. |
| Found throughout the cell cycle. | Distinctly visible during cell division (metaphase, anaphase) as highly condensed structures upto several thousand nm. |
| May have open (euchromatin) or compact (heterochromatin) conformations, which is dynamically regulated during the cell-cycle stages. | Predominantly heterochromatic state with a predetermined position in the nucleus and a specific shape such as metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric. |
| Electron microscope (beads on string appearance) | Light microscope (classic four-arm structure when duplicated) |
FAQs on Chromatin vs. Chromosome - Class 9
| 1. What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes? |  |
Ans. Chromatin refers to the complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins that make up the genetic material within the nucleus of a cell. It is the uncoiled and relaxed form of DNA. On the other hand, chromosomes are condensed structures formed from chromatin during cell division. Chromosomes are visible under a microscope and are responsible for carrying the genetic information.
| 2. How are chromatin and chromosomes related? | |
Ans. Chromatin is the relaxed and uncoiled form of DNA, which exists in the nucleus of a cell during interphase. When a cell undergoes division, the chromatin condenses and coils up tightly to form chromosomes. This condensation allows for the efficient separation and distribution of genetic material to daughter cells during cell division.
| 3. What are the functions of chromatin and chromosomes? | |
Ans. Chromatin serves as the storage form of genetic material and is involved in various cellular processes such as gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Chromosomes, on the other hand, play a crucial role in the accurate transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next during cell division. They ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material.
| 4. How do chromatin and chromosomes differ in structure? | |
Ans. Chromatin has a loose and relaxed structure that allows for easy access to the genetic information stored in DNA. It consists of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones, forming a bead-like structure called nucleosomes. Chromosomes, on the other hand, have a highly condensed and visible structure. They are formed from the further coiling and packaging of chromatin, resulting in a compact and rod-like structure.
| 5. Are chromatin and chromosomes present in all cells? | |
Ans. Yes, both chromatin and chromosomes are present in almost all cells of an organism. However, their presence and organization can vary depending on the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, when cells are not dividing, chromatin is the predominant form of DNA in the nucleus. However, chromosomes become visible and distinct during cell division, specifically during the stages of prophase, metaphase, and anaphase.
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