Class 9 Geography Chapter 1 Assertion and Reason Questions - Contemporary India - I

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q1: Assertion (A): The tropical rainforests are mostly evergreen.
Reason (R): The regions of tropical rainforests get abundant rainfall and have low temperatures throughout the region.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (c)
A tropical rainforest occurs roughly within the latitude 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). These forests experience high average temperatures and a significant amount of rainfall.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q2: Assertion (A): There is no diversity in the climate in regions which are situated on coastal areas.
Reason (R): Coastal places like Mumbai in Kolkata experience moderate climate. They are neither too hot nor too cold.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b) 

• The assertion (A) is false. Coastal areas do experience diversity in climate due to factors like latitude, ocean currents, wind patterns, and topography. These factors can lead to variations in temperature, rainfall, and other climatic conditions in different coastal regions.
• The reason (R) is true. Coastal areas like Mumbai and Kolkata do generally experience a moderate climate due to their proximity to the ocean, which tends to moderate temperature extremes. However, the reason does not fully explain the assertion. While coastal areas may have moderate climates, it does not mean there is no diversity in climate among different coastal regions.

Therefore, the correct answer is (b).

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q3: Assertion (A): Forest is the natural habitat for wildlife. 
Reason (R): Natural vegetation has been destroyed to a large extent because of reckless cutting of trees, which has caused for animals to be disposed of in their natural habitat.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b) 

• The assertion (A) is true. Forests indeed serve as natural habitats for a wide range of wildlife species, providing them with food, shelter, and suitable conditions to thrive.
• The reason (R) is also true. Natural vegetation has indeed been destroyed due to deforestation, leading to the displacement of animals from their natural habitats. However, while the reason explains the impact of deforestation on wildlife habitats, it doesn't fully explain why forests are the natural habitat for wildlife as stated in the assertion.

Therefore, the correct answer is (b).

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q4: Assertion (A): India is equally rich in bird life.
Reason (R): Apart from Peacock, which is India’s national bird, other common birds are parrots, pigeons, Maina, geese, bulbul and dogs. There are several bird centuries which have been created to give birds a natural habitat.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) 

• The assertion (A) is true. India indeed has a diverse and rich bird life, with a wide variety of bird species found across different ecosystems.
• The reason (R) is also true. The statement correctly mentions common birds found in India and the creation of bird sanctuaries to provide natural habitats for birds. The reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion, as it describes how India's rich bird life is supported by the existence of bird sanctuaries.

Since both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion, the correct answer is (a).

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q5: Assertion (A): Tropical rainforest is a  name given for regions which receive heavy rainfall.
Reason(R): Mahogany, Ebony and rosewood are examples of trees found in tropical rainforests.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) 

• The assertion (A) is true. Tropical rainforests are indeed named so because they receive heavy and consistent rainfall throughout the year.
• The reason (R) is also true. Mahogany, Ebony, and rosewood are indeed examples of trees commonly found in tropical rainforests due to the favorable climatic conditions and abundant rainfall that support their growth. The reason correctly explains why these types of trees are associated with tropical rainforests.

Since both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion, the correct answer is (a).

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q6: Assertion (A): The mangrove forests are known for their distinct quality. 
Reason (R): They are able to survive in saline water and are found in the Sunderbans and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a)

• The assertion (A) is true. Mangrove forests are indeed distinctive due to their unique ecosystem and ability to survive in saline and tidal conditions.
• The reason (R) is also true. Mangroves are adapted to saline water conditions and are found in coastal areas, including the Sundarbans and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The reason provides the correct explanation for why mangrove forests are known for their distinct quality.

Since both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion, the correct answer is (a).

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q7: Assertion (A): India is a hotspot for biodiversity.
Reason (R): The ecosystem in India ranges from the Himalayas in the north to the Evergreen Forest in the South. The desert sands in the West, to the marshy mangroves in the east.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) 

• The assertion (A) is true. India is indeed considered a hotspot for biodiversity due to its rich and varied ecosystems that support a wide range of plant and animal species.
• The reason (R) is also true. India's diverse geography, from the Himalayas in the north to the Evergreen Forest in the south, and from deserts in the west to mangroves in the east, contributes to its exceptional biodiversity. The varying ecosystems provide habitats for numerous species adapted to different conditions. The reason provides an accurate explanation for why India is considered a hotspot for biodiversity.

Since both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason explains the assertion, the correct answer is (a).

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q8: Assertion (A): Most of the trees found in Mountaineer region are conical in shape.
Reason(R): These trees are called coniferous trees, for example sal, teek, peepal.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (c) 
The assertion (A) is true. Many trees found in mountainous regions, particularly at higher altitudes, have a conical shape due to the environmental conditions and the need to shed snow more effectively.
The reason (R) is false. The trees mentioned in the reason—sal, teak, and peepal—are not coniferous trees. Coniferous trees are characterized by needle-like or scale-like leaves and the presence of cones, which these mentioned trees do not possess. Coniferous trees like pine, fir, and spruce are more typical of mountainous regions. Therefore, while the assertion is true, the reason is incorrect.

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q9: Assertion (A): In order to protect flora and fauna, many national parks, sanctuaries and biosphere reserves have been set up.
Reason (R): Project Tiger and Project Elephant are examples of initiative taken by the government to protect the flora and fauna.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) 

• The assertion (A) is true. Many national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves have indeed been established to protect the diverse flora and fauna in India.
• The reason (R) is also true. Projects like Project Tiger and Project Elephant are initiatives implemented by the government to specifically protect endangered species like tigers and elephants, respectively, along with their habitats. These initiatives are part of the broader effort to protect the flora and fauna of the country. The reason correctly explains how the mentioned initiatives contribute to the overall protection of flora and fauna.

Since both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason provides the correct explanation for the assertion, the correct answer is (a).

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q10: Assertion (A): There is a wide variety of animals in our country.
Reason (R): Gir Forest in Gujarat is home of Asiatic lions, elephants and one horned rhinoceros roam in the Forest of Kerala.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (c) 
The assertion (A) is true. India does indeed have a diverse range of animals due to its varied ecosystems and geographical features.
The reason (R) is false. While the Gir Forest in Gujarat is indeed home to Asiatic lions, and elephants are found in various parts of the country, one-horned rhinoceros is not typically found in the forests of Kerala. One-horned rhinoceros is primarily found in northeastern India and parts of Nepal. The incorrect information in the reason statement makes it false. Therefore, the correct answer is (c).

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q11: Assertion (A): India has a wide range of natural vegetation.
Reason (R): The grass is shrubs and trees which grow on their own without interference or help from human beings are called natural vegetation.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (b) 
The assertion (A) is true. India indeed possesses a diverse variety of natural vegetation due to its varied climatic conditions, topography, and other factors.
The reason (R) is also true. Natural vegetation refers to plant life that grows without human intervention. However, the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion. While the explanation about natural vegetation is accurate, it doesn't fully explain why India has a wide range of natural vegetation. The diversity of natural vegetation in India is influenced by various factors, including climate, soil, and geographical features. Therefore, the correct answer is (b).

Direction: In the questions given below, there are two  statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and chose the correct  option:
Q12: Assertion (A): The Himalayan ranges show change in vegetation from tropical to tundra.
Reason (R): In the mountainous areas with an increase in altitude, there is a corresponding decrease in temperature, which leads to a change in the vegetation types.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Ans: (a) 
With increase in altitude there is decrease in temperature and rainfall. This is why Himalays have varied vegetation, with tropical dense forest to Tundra forest in which growth is hindered by lower temperatures. On Himalayan slopes above the height of 915 mt the fall in temperature affects the type of vegetation and its growth.