Class 9 civics constitutional PDF Download

Discrimination Against Non-Whites The white rulers treated all non-whites as inferiors. Slowly, the apartheid system started oppressing blacks. In this system, the non-whites did not have voting rights and they were forbidden from living in white areas. The non-whites could work in white areas only if they had permit. Trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools, colleges libraries, cinema halls, theatres, beaches, swimming pools, public toilets, etc were all separate for the whites and blacks. This was known as segregation Blacks could not enter a church where the whites worshipped and even they did not have the right to form associations or protest against the whites Formation of African National Congress and Way to a New Constitution Since 1950, the blacks, coloured and Indians fought against the apartheid system. They launched protest marches and strikes. The African National Congress (ANC) led the movement Many workers' unions, the Communist Party and sensitive whites joined the ANC to oppose apartheid. Apartheid was declared unjust and racist by several countries As protests and struggles increased, the government changed its policies by repealing discriminatory laws. Ban on political parties and restrictions on the media were removed