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Classical free Electron Theory of Metals Video Lecture - Civil Engineering (CE)

FAQs on Classical free Electron Theory of Metals Video Lecture - Civil Engineering (CE)

1. What is the classical free electron theory of metals?
Ans. The classical free electron theory of metals is a model that describes the behavior of electrons in a metal as if they were free particles moving independently in a uniform background of positive ions. According to this theory, electrons in a metal are not bound to any particular atom and are free to move throughout the entire metal lattice.
2. How does the classical free electron theory explain electrical conductivity in metals?
Ans. The classical free electron theory explains electrical conductivity in metals by stating that the free electrons in a metal can move in response to an applied electric field. When an electric field is applied, the free electrons accelerate and collide with other electrons and positive ions, transferring momentum and energy. This collision process results in the flow of electric charge, or electrical current, through the metal.
3. What are the limitations of the classical free electron theory of metals?
Ans. The classical free electron theory of metals has several limitations. Firstly, it assumes that the interaction between electrons and positive ions is purely elastic, neglecting any inelastic scattering processes. Secondly, it fails to explain certain phenomena, such as the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and the phenomenon of superconductivity. Additionally, it does not account for the existence of energy bands in metals, which are essential for understanding the electronic structure of metals.
4. How does the classical free electron theory account for thermal conductivity in metals?
Ans. The classical free electron theory explains thermal conductivity in metals by considering the transfer of heat energy through the motion of free electrons. When a temperature gradient is applied across a metal, the free electrons gain kinetic energy from the higher temperature region and transfer it to the lower temperature region through collisions with other electrons and positive ions. This transfer of kinetic energy results in the flow of heat, or thermal conductivity, through the metal.
5. Can the classical free electron theory explain the phenomenon of resistivity in metals?
Ans. Yes, the classical free electron theory can explain the phenomenon of resistivity in metals. According to this theory, resistivity is a measure of how strongly the motion of free electrons is impeded by collisions with other electrons and positive ions. The more frequent and intense the collisions, the higher the resistivity of the metal. Therefore, resistivity can be understood as a result of the scattering of free electrons by lattice defects, impurities, and thermal vibrations, as assumed by the classical free electron theory.
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