Computer Organisation | Computer Science for Grade 11 PDF Download

 Page 1


Introduction
A computer is an electronic device, under the control of instructions 
stored in its memory that can accept data (input), process the data 
according to specified rules(Program), produce information (output), 
and store the information for future use
Data vs Information
Data are raw numbers or other findings which, by themselves, are 
of limited value.
Information is data that has been converted into a meaningful and 
useful context.
Computers are being used extensively nowadays in everyday life/every field
In the form of laptop, desktop, smartphone,gadgets etc.
Page 2


Introduction
A computer is an electronic device, under the control of instructions 
stored in its memory that can accept data (input), process the data 
according to specified rules(Program), produce information (output), 
and store the information for future use
Data vs Information
Data are raw numbers or other findings which, by themselves, are 
of limited value.
Information is data that has been converted into a meaningful and 
useful context.
Computers are being used extensively nowadays in everyday life/every field
In the form of laptop, desktop, smartphone,gadgets etc.
Functionalities of a computer
Any digital computer performs five functions in gross term.
1. Take data as input
2. Stores data/instructions
3. Process those stored data
4. Generate the output
5. Control all above steps
Page 3


Introduction
A computer is an electronic device, under the control of instructions 
stored in its memory that can accept data (input), process the data 
according to specified rules(Program), produce information (output), 
and store the information for future use
Data vs Information
Data are raw numbers or other findings which, by themselves, are 
of limited value.
Information is data that has been converted into a meaningful and 
useful context.
Computers are being used extensively nowadays in everyday life/every field
In the form of laptop, desktop, smartphone,gadgets etc.
Functionalities of a computer
Any digital computer performs five functions in gross term.
1. Take data as input
2. Stores data/instructions
3. Process those stored data
4. Generate the output
5. Control all above steps
Basic Computer Organization
Functional components of a computer
Page 4


Introduction
A computer is an electronic device, under the control of instructions 
stored in its memory that can accept data (input), process the data 
according to specified rules(Program), produce information (output), 
and store the information for future use
Data vs Information
Data are raw numbers or other findings which, by themselves, are 
of limited value.
Information is data that has been converted into a meaningful and 
useful context.
Computers are being used extensively nowadays in everyday life/every field
In the form of laptop, desktop, smartphone,gadgets etc.
Functionalities of a computer
Any digital computer performs five functions in gross term.
1. Take data as input
2. Stores data/instructions
3. Process those stored data
4. Generate the output
5. Control all above steps
Basic Computer Organization
Functional components of a computer
Basic Computer Organization
Input/Output Units
Input Unit  
A device through which data and 
programs from the outside world enter the 
computer system.
Output unit  
A device through which results stored in 
the computer memory are made available 
outside the computer system.
Page 5


Introduction
A computer is an electronic device, under the control of instructions 
stored in its memory that can accept data (input), process the data 
according to specified rules(Program), produce information (output), 
and store the information for future use
Data vs Information
Data are raw numbers or other findings which, by themselves, are 
of limited value.
Information is data that has been converted into a meaningful and 
useful context.
Computers are being used extensively nowadays in everyday life/every field
In the form of laptop, desktop, smartphone,gadgets etc.
Functionalities of a computer
Any digital computer performs five functions in gross term.
1. Take data as input
2. Stores data/instructions
3. Process those stored data
4. Generate the output
5. Control all above steps
Basic Computer Organization
Functional components of a computer
Basic Computer Organization
Input/Output Units
Input Unit  
A device through which data and 
programs from the outside world enter the 
computer system.
Output unit  
A device through which results stored in 
the computer memory are made available 
outside the computer system.
Basic Computer Organization
Control Unit
Control unit  
It organizes the computer to work computer as single unit
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
Performs basic arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction
Performs logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT.Most modern ALUs 
have a small amount of special storage units called registers that can be 
accessed faster than main memory.
Memory 
A collection of cells, each with a unique physical address
Most computers are byte-addressable
Cell at address 11111110 contains 10101010