Concept & Classification of Accounting Ratios Video Lecture - Accountancy Class 12 - Commerce

Ans. Accounting ratios are mathematical expressions that are used to analyze and interpret financial statements. They provide a quantitative measure of the relationship between different financial variables, such as assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. Accounting ratios are used to assess the financial health and performance of a business and to make informed decisions.

Ans. Accounting ratios are classified into four main categories: liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, activity ratios, and solvency ratios. - Liquidity ratios measure a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations and include ratios such as the current ratio and quick ratio. - Profitability ratios evaluate a company's ability to generate profits and include ratios such as the gross profit margin and return on equity. - Activity ratios assess a company's efficiency in managing its assets and include ratios such as inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover. - Solvency ratios measure a company's long-term financial stability and include ratios such as debt-to-equity ratio and interest coverage ratio.

Ans. Accounting ratios play a crucial role in financial analysis as they provide insights into a company's financial performance, liquidity, profitability, and overall financial health. By comparing ratios over time or against industry benchmarks, analysts can identify trends, strengths, and weaknesses in a company's financial position. This information can help in making informed decisions, such as assessing creditworthiness, evaluating investment opportunities, and identifying areas for improvement.

Ans. While accounting ratios are valuable tools for financial analysis, they have certain limitations. Some of the limitations include: - Reliance on historical data: Accounting ratios are based on past financial statements, which may not reflect the current or future performance of a company. - Subjectivity: Different companies may have different accounting policies, making it challenging to compare ratios across industries or companies. - Lack of qualitative factors: Accounting ratios only provide a quantitative analysis and do not consider qualitative factors such as management competence, industry trends, or economic conditions. - Limited comparability: Ratios may not be comparable across companies of different sizes, industries, or geographical locations.

Ans. Solvency ratios, such as the debt-to-equity ratio and interest coverage ratio, can be used to assess a company's financial stability. These ratios measure a company's ability to meet its long-term obligations and manage its debt. A lower debt-to-equity ratio indicates lower financial risk, as it shows that the company is relying less on borrowed funds. Similarly, a higher interest coverage ratio indicates that the company has sufficient earnings to cover its interest expenses. By analyzing these ratios, investors, creditors, and stakeholders can evaluate the financial stability of a company and its capacity to repay debts.