Table of contents | |
Hazardous Effects of High-Energy EM Waves | |
Radiation Dose | |
Dangers of UV, X-rays & Gamma Rays | |
X-rays & Gamma Rays | |
Risks & Consequences of Radiation Exposure |
Ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays can all ionise atoms
Radiation badges are used by people working closely with radiation to monitor exposure
Step 1: Identify the type of EM wave and the known risks
- Mobile phones use microwaves
- The known risks are possible internal heating at sufficiently high energies
Step 2: Identify if there is a correlation in the data or not
- The results show a negative correlation: the more hours a mobile phone is used each day, the lower the sperm count
Step 3: Identify any other factors that could explain the data
Many factors can cause a reduction in sperm count for example:
- High-stress environment
- Exposure to heat
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Health problems that affect fertility e.g. hormonal imbalance
- Medication
- Obesity
- Smoking / alcohol / drug intake
- Diet
- Age
Step 4: Write a conclusion
- The data shows a negative correlation, but there is not enough known about the testing methods and other factors that could affect the results
- Therefore, the results do not necessarily mean using a mobile phone causes a reduced sperm count
Step 5: Make suggestions for improvements
- Use a larger sample size
- Take into account the other affecting factors and investigate control samples i.e. healthy men, men under 30, men who smoke
- Make sure to compare the health of mobile phone users with non-mobile phone users to make it a fair test
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