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1 
16 : Demand Forecasting 
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1 
16 : Demand Forecasting 
 
 
 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
 
 
Session  Outline 
 
?Demand Forecasting 
 
 
 
Page 3


1 
16 : Demand Forecasting 
 
 
 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
 
 
Session  Outline 
 
?Demand Forecasting 
 
 
 
3 
Quantitative  methods of  Demand forecasting 
• Subjective methods can be used only when past data is not 
available. 
• When past data is available , it is advisable that firms should 
use statistical tools  as it is more scientific and cost effective. 
• Depends on time series of past sales. 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
Page 4


1 
16 : Demand Forecasting 
 
 
 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
 
 
Session  Outline 
 
?Demand Forecasting 
 
 
 
3 
Quantitative  methods of  Demand forecasting 
• Subjective methods can be used only when past data is not 
available. 
• When past data is available , it is advisable that firms should 
use statistical tools  as it is more scientific and cost effective. 
• Depends on time series of past sales. 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
4 
Quantitative  methods of  Demand forecasting 
• Trend Projections: 
• Component of time series data 
• Secular trend – Change occurring consistently over a long 
time and is relatively smooth in its path. 
 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
Page 5


1 
16 : Demand Forecasting 
 
 
 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
 
 
Session  Outline 
 
?Demand Forecasting 
 
 
 
3 
Quantitative  methods of  Demand forecasting 
• Subjective methods can be used only when past data is not 
available. 
• When past data is available , it is advisable that firms should 
use statistical tools  as it is more scientific and cost effective. 
• Depends on time series of past sales. 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
4 
Quantitative  methods of  Demand forecasting 
• Trend Projections: 
• Component of time series data 
• Secular trend – Change occurring consistently over a long 
time and is relatively smooth in its path. 
 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
5 
Quantitative  methods of  Demand forecasting 
• Trend Projections: component of time series  
• Seasonal trend : Seasonal variation in the data within a year. 
• Cyclical trend : Cyclical movement in the demand for a 
product that may have to tendency to recur in a few years. 
 
 
Prof. Trupti Mishra, School of Management, IIT Bombay 
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FAQs on Demand Forecasting, Managerial Economics

1. What is demand forecasting in managerial economics?
Demand forecasting in managerial economics refers to the process of estimating or predicting the future demand for a product or service. It involves analyzing historical data, market trends, and other relevant factors to forecast the quantity of goods or services that customers will likely purchase in the future. This information is crucial for businesses to make informed decisions regarding production, inventory management, pricing, and resource allocation.
2. Why is demand forecasting important in managerial economics?
Demand forecasting is important in managerial economics for several reasons. Firstly, it helps businesses plan their production levels and determine the quantity of raw materials and resources required. This helps in optimizing costs and avoiding overproduction or underproduction. Secondly, it assists in inventory management by ensuring that sufficient stock levels are maintained to meet future customer demand. Additionally, demand forecasting aids in pricing decisions, as businesses can adjust prices based on anticipated demand levels. It also helps in formulating marketing strategies, identifying potential market opportunities, and understanding customer preferences.
3. What are the different methods used for demand forecasting in managerial economics?
There are several methods used for demand forecasting in managerial economics. Some commonly used methods include: 1. Time-series analysis: This method involves analyzing historical data and identifying patterns and trends to forecast future demand. It uses techniques like moving averages, exponential smoothing, and trend analysis. 2. Market research: This method involves conducting surveys, interviews, and focus groups to gather information about customer preferences, buying behavior, and future purchasing intentions. Market research can provide valuable insights for demand forecasting. 3. Regression analysis: This method uses statistical techniques to analyze the relationship between the demand for a product and various factors such as price, income, advertising expenditure, and competitor's actions. It helps in quantifying the impact of these factors on demand. 4. Delphi method: This method involves obtaining expert opinions and consensus through a series of questionnaires and iterative rounds. It is useful when there is limited data available or when forecasting for a new product or market. 5. Simulation models: This method involves creating mathematical models that simulate the behavior of customers and market conditions. These models can be used to forecast demand under different scenarios and assumptions.
4. What are the challenges involved in demand forecasting in managerial economics?
Demand forecasting in managerial economics is not without its challenges. Some common challenges include: 1. Uncertainty: Future demand is inherently uncertain, and there are various external factors that can influence it, such as changes in market conditions, consumer behavior, and economic factors. It can be challenging to accurately predict and account for these uncertainties. 2. Data availability and quality: Demand forecasting requires historical data, and obtaining accurate and reliable data can be a challenge. Incomplete or inaccurate data can lead to inaccurate forecasts. 3. Changing market dynamics: Markets are dynamic and constantly evolving. New competitors, changing consumer preferences, and technological advancements can significantly impact demand patterns. Incorporating these changes into forecasting models can be challenging. 4. Assumptions and biases: Demand forecasting often involves making assumptions about future conditions, which may not always hold true. Additionally, forecasters may have their own biases and subjective judgments that can influence the accuracy of the forecasts. 5. Complex demand patterns: Some products may exhibit complex demand patterns, such as seasonality, trends, and cyclical fluctuations. Forecasting accurately for such products can be more challenging than for products with stable demand patterns.
5. What are the benefits of accurate demand forecasting in managerial economics?
Accurate demand forecasting in managerial economics offers several benefits for businesses. These include: 1. Efficient resource allocation: Accurate demand forecasts help businesses allocate their resources efficiently. By knowing the expected demand levels, businesses can adjust their production, inventory, and workforce accordingly, avoiding wastage and excessive costs. 2. Effective inventory management: Demand forecasting helps businesses maintain optimal inventory levels. By forecasting future demand, businesses can avoid stockouts or excess inventory, thereby reducing holding costs and improving customer satisfaction. 3. Improved cash flow: Accurate demand forecasts enable businesses to better plan their cash flow. By aligning production and inventory levels with anticipated demand, businesses can manage their cash flow effectively and avoid unnecessary financial strain. 4. Competitive advantage: Demand forecasting allows businesses to stay ahead of their competitors. By accurately predicting demand, businesses can respond quickly to market changes, adjust pricing strategies, and cater to customer preferences. This helps in gaining a competitive edge in the market. 5. Enhanced decision-making: Accurate demand forecasts provide businesses with valuable insights for decision-making. It helps in formulating marketing strategies, identifying new market opportunities, and making informed decisions regarding pricing, product development, and resource allocation.
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